Advantages and Disadvantages of Incorporation of Companies

Advantages and Disadvantages of Incorporation of CompaniesThis identification leave alone discuss the advantages and disadvantages of incorporation of companies. This go out be discussed in relation to public and surreptitious companies and it will be concluded that the main advantageous of incorporation is and continues to be that of limited indebtedness and separate level-headed soulfulnessality. Other departures will discussed and the advantages and disadvantages discussed.It is important first to power point out the distinction between public and private companies, the stooler existence those which are permitted to offer their securities to the public and the latter being those which are non so permitted. Often whether a compe very is public or private is taken more generally as an indication of the social and economical importance of the confederacy, so that the public bon ton is more tightly regulate than the private ships company in a number of ways, which fal l extraneous the remit of this assignment. However, it is important to none that this difference does exist.The fundamental attri savee of corporeal character is that the corporation is a healthy entity which is distinct from its members. At the destroy of the 19th Century following the case of Salomon v Salomon CO1 this concept was ultimately grasped by the courts and it was appreciated that companies hurl one over a separate legal entity, as Lord Macnaghten explainedThe company is at a law a disparate person altogether from the subscribers. and, though it may be that after incorporation the business is precisely the a want(p) as it was before, and the same persons are managers, and the same hands receive the profits, the company is not in law the doer of the subscribers or trustee for them. Nor are the subscribers, as members, li fitted in any shape or take form, except to the extent and in the manner provided by the portrayal2As a corporation is a separate legal pe rson its members are not personally liable for its debts3. This principle also applies to obligations new(prenominal) than debts much(prenominal) as the members of the company, although members who snuff it involved in the management of the companys business will find that this separate legal personality does not necessarily protect them from personal obligation to third parties.If a company enters insolvent liquidation, in theory the issue undergoes a great vary, although in practice it does not. The question becomes whether the liquidator acting on behalf of the company can want contri besidesions from its members so as to bring its assets up to the train use uped to meet the claims from the companys creditors. The overall result of the openhanded recognition by the courts of the separate legal entity of the company and of the limited liability of its members and managers is to produce at a first sight a legal regime which is very un well-fixed to potential creditors of companies. However adders often seek to leap over the barrier created by the law of limited liability by exacting the price of the loan to the company personal guarantees of its refund from the managers or shareholders of the company, guarantees which may be secured on the personal assets of the unmarrieds concerned4. Legislation, whilst it has not overturned Salomon, contains an extensive list of publicity and disclosure obligations to priorities for certain classes of unsecured creditors on the winding-up of a company5. Recently added to these statutory weapons are the provisions relating to the illicit trading and the expanded provisions on the disqualification of transmitors, especially on thou of unfitness.One clear advantage of corporate personality is that it enables the position of the crosstie to be more clearly distinguished from its members. In an un collective society, the prop of the association is the joint lieu of the members. The rights of the members at that placein differ from their rights to their separate property since the joint property must be dealt with according to the rules of the society and no individual member can claim any particular asset. By virtue of the trust and the obvious complications can be minimised but not completely eradicated. And the complications cause particular difficulty in the case of a trading confederateship both as regards the true nature of the interests of the partners and as regards claims of creditors.On incorporation, the corporate property belongs to the company and members have no direct proprietary rights to it but merely to their shares in the undertaking. A channelize in the membership, which causes inevitable dislocation to a partnership soaked, leaves the company unconcerned the shares may be transferred but the companys property will be untouched and no realisation or splitting up of its property will be necessary, as it will on a change in the constitution of a partnership firm. Similarly, the claims of the companys creditors will be merely against the companys property and the difficulties which can cabbage on bankruptcy of partners will not occur.There are difficulties relating to legal actions in unincorporated associations. The problem is of practical importance with trading bodies but has been solved in the case of partnerships as they are now able to be sued or sue in the firms name6, although there are still practical difficulties in enforcing the judgement. This question does not rally with incorporated companies as they can sue or be sued in their own right.Another advantage of a limited company is that it cannot become incapacitated by illness, mental or physical, and it does not have to have an allotted life span7. This of course does not mean that the wipeout or incapacity of its human members may not cause the company significant embarrassment, only the vicissitudes of the flesh have no direct effect on the disembodied company, as Grcer LJ said a corporate body has no soul to be saved or body to be kicked.8 The death of a member leaves the company unmoved members come and go but the company can go on forever.9 The continuing existence of a company, irrespective of changes in its membership, is helpful in other direction also. When an individual sells his business to another, difficult questions may arise regarding the performance of existing contracts by the new proprietor10, the assignment of rights of a personal nature11, and the validity of agreements made with customers coarse of the change of proprietorship12. Similar problems may arise on a change of the constitution of a partnership13. Where the business is incorporated and the sale is merely of the shares, no(prenominal) of these difficulties arise. The company remains the proprietor of the business, performs the existing contracts and retains the benefits of them, and enters into future agreements. The difficulties attending secondary performance, assign ments and mistaken identity do not arise.Connected to this issue is the issue of the shares. Incorporation with the resulting separation of the business from its members greatly facilitates the transfer of the members interests. In the absence of limited liability the opportunity transfer is in practice very much restricted. With an incorporated company, freedom to transfer, both de jure and practically, can be readily attained. The company can be incorporated with its liability limited by shares, and these shares constitute items of property which are freely transferable in the absence of express provision to the contrary, and in such a way that the transferor drops out and the transferee steps into his shoes. A partner has a proprietary interest which he can assign, but his assignment does not operate to divest him of his status or liability as a partner it merely affords the assignee the right to receive whatever the firm distributes in respect of the assigning partners share14. The assignee can be admitted into the partnership in the pace of the assignor only if the other partners agree and the assignor will not be relieved of his existing liabilities as a partner unless the creditors agree, expressly or impliedly, to release him.Another important feature of an incorporated company is that a structure which allows for the separation of risk investment via the purchase of shares, in which galore(postnominal) persons may participate, from the management of the company, which is delegated to a littlerer and expert group of heap who partly constitute and who are partly supervised by a board of directors. This concept was first explored in the United States by AA Berle and GC Means15 and they drew attention to the revolutionary change thus brought about in traditional conceptions of the nature of property. Today, the great bulk of large enterprise is in the hands not of individual entrepreneurs but of large public companies in which many individuals have pr operty rights as shareholders and to the capital of which they have indirectly or directly contributed. Direct or indirect investment in companies probably constitutes the around important single item of property for most people, but whether this property brings profit to its owners no longer depends on their force initiative but on that of the management from which they are divorced.Two still advantages which must be considered are that of borrowing and taxation. The ingenuity of equity practitioners has lead to the evolution of an uncommon but highly beneficial type of credentials known as the floating station i.e. a charge which floats like a cloud over the whole assets from time to time travel within a generic description, but without preventing the mortgagor from disposing of those assets in the usual course of business until something occurs to cause the charge to become crystallised or fixed. This is advantageous to incorporated companies because until recently such a charge could not really apply to partnerships or other unincorporated organisation -this is because of ii pieces of legislation. The first was the reputed ownership provision in the bankruptcy legislation which relates to individuals16. This, however under the reforms resulting from the report of the Cork Committee was repealed and not replaced in the Insolvency forge 1986. It never applied to the winding-up of companies. The second, which still remains, is that the charge, in so far as it related to chattels, would be a bill of sale within the kernel of the Bills of Sale Acts 1878 and 1882 which applies only to individuals and not to companies17. Hence it would need to be registered in the Bills of Sale Registry, and, what is more important, as a mortgage bill it would need to be in the statutory form which involves specifying the chattels in detail in a schedule. Compliance with the latter requirement is impossible since in a floating charge the chattels are indeterminate and f luctuating. Therefore it can be seen that use of this form of guarantor is in practice restricted to bodies corporate. By virtue of it the lender can obtain an effective security on all the undertaking and assets of the company both present and future either alone or in conjunction with a fixed charge on its land. By so doing he can place himself in a far stronger position that if he merely had the personal security of the individual traders. It therefore happens not infrequently that a business is born-again into a company solely in order to enable tho capital to be raised by borrowing.Once a company reaches a certain size, the attraction of limited liability is possible to overbalance all other considerations when business people are considering in what form to carry on their activities. Investors are unlikely to be willing to put money in a company where there liability is not limited if they are to have no or little overcome over the running of the company and for this rea son incorporation is preferable. However with small businesses, which it is feasible to give all the investors a say in management, it is likely that tax considerations play a major part in find whether the business shall be set up in corporate form or as a partnership. In the case of small companies the investors travel by on their capital may take the form of the payment of directors fees quite an than dividends, so that participation in the management of the company may be the means for the investor both to safeguard the investment and to earn a authorise on it.This assignment has discussed the advantages and disadvantages of incorporation of companies. It can be seen that the advantages of incorporation very much depend on one company to another. For larger firms the divergence between the board and shareholders, transferable shares and the conferment of limited liability on the shareholders are helpful for the raising of capital. Partnerships and unincorporated organisatio ns do not lend themselves easily to this kind of need and therefore are more favourable in this respect. There are many other issues that possess incorporation favourable but it can be seen that it is, and will continue to be the fact that these organisations have limited liability that will continue to make them attractive and more advantageous than unincorporated organisations.BibliographyCasesBrace v Calder (1895) 2 QB 253Boulton v Jones (1857) 2 H N 564British Waggon Co v lea (1880) 5 QBD 149Griffith v Tower Publishing Co 18971 Ch 21Rayner (Mincing Lane) Ltd v Department of bargain 1989 Ch 72Re Noel Tedman guardianship Pty Ltd (1967) QD R 561Robson v Drummond (1831) 2 B AD 303Salomon v Salomon CO 1897 AC 22 HLSlavenburgs Bank v internationalistic intrinsic Resources Ltd 1980 1 W L R 1076Stepney potty v Osofsky 1937 3 ALL ER 289Statutesfailure Act 1914Bills of Sale Acts 1878Insolvency Act 1986Partnership Act 1890RSC ORD 81BooksBerle A and Means G, (1993) The Modern Corp oration and Private Property New YorkDavies P, (2003) Gower and Davies Principles of Modern Company Law, one-seventh Edition, Thomson loving and maxwellDobson P, (2003) Commercial Law, Third Edition, capital of the United Kingdom CavendishMorse G, (2005) Charlesworth Company Law, Seventeenth Edition, London Sweet and MaxwellSmith and Kennan, (2005) Smith and Keenans Company Law , Thirteenth Edition, Harlow Press/Longman1Footnotes1 1897 AC 22 HL2 1897 AC 22 HL at 513 See for example Kerr LJ in Rayner (Mincing Lane) Ltd v Department of Trade 1989 Ch 72 at 1764 Davies P, (2003) Gower and Davies Principles of Modern Company Law, Seventh Edition, Thomson Sweet and Maxwell at page 325 Insolvency Act 1986 Ss40 175 and 386-3876 RSC ORD 817 S84 (1) (a) of the insolvency Act8 In Stepney Corporation v Osofsky 1937 3 ALL ER 289 at 2919 See Re Noel Tedman Holding Pty Ltd (1967) QD R 56110 Robson v Drummond (1831) 2 B AD 303 and British Waggon Co v Lea (1880) 5 QBD 14911 See Griffith v Tower Pu blishing Co 18971 Ch 2112 Boulton v Jones (1857) 2 H N 56413 Brace v Calder (1895) 2 QB 25314 Partnership Act 189015 The Modern Corporation and Private Property, New York 193316 Bankruptcy Act 1914 S38 (1)(C)17 See Slavenburgs Bank v International Natural Resources Ltd 1980 1 W L R 1076

Sacrament Of Reconciliation

Sacrament Of propitiationSo lets define the difference between apology, gentleness and reconciliation. The following definition is from the Webster Dictionary. Apology is a formal justification, defense, excuse an introduction of error accompanied by an expression of regret. It implies an attempt to avoid or remove blame or censure. Steve Cornell posted on the web a really great insight into the difference between set freeness and reconciliation. present he summarizes a key distinctionIts possible to forgive some integrity without offering immediate reconciliation. Its possible for forgiveness to occur in the context of use of ones relationship with im deathly apart from contact with his/her offender. tho reconciliation is pore on restoring broken relationships. And where trust is deeply broken, regaining is a process-sometimes, a lengthy one.So wherefore the importance of distinguishing the difference? Steve continues to explain why recognizing the difference is meanin g(a)The process of reconciliation depends on the attitude of the offender, the deepness of the betrayal, and the pattern of offense. When an offended party works toward reconciliation, the first and most important step is the confirmation of genuine repentance on the part of the offender (Luke 173). So a nonher word that fecal function be use for reconciliation is Transformation. So when we wrong we separate ourselves from divinitys love or ensn atomic number 18 a barrier between beau ideal and ourselves. We have deliberately, by our declare free will, performed an act of disobedience against God. We can apologize to God, and it does non hold the person accountable to change or transformation of oneself. But if we ask for forgiveness resulting in reconciliation, we then are asked by God for a commitment to change in which a transformation takes localise of ones lifestyle.The sacrament of reconciliation can also be used as a sacrament of healing. A healing of non only our uncanny self but also our ablaze and psychological world. Sin leaves monstrous scars on a person. These scars can be emotional and psychological which can have physical effects. A person can go to a physician and be healed from the physical aspect but if the scars go deeper into the heart and earthbornual being of a person then one is not completely healed. A good example are women who have had an abortion. No term can adequately express the heartbreak that abortion causes, but for the purposes of identification we will call it Post-Abortion Trauma. Common feelings associated with Post-Abortion Trauma include guilt, grief, yellow bile and regret. These feelings frequently manifest themselves by dint of anti-social, self-destructive, and other abnormal behaviors. Many who assemble from Post-Abortion Trauma experience flashbacks, nightmares, and varying degrees of depression. The woman who holds a Christian worldview is really kindredly to begin, at some point after her a bortion, to feel the like a second-class citizen in Gods economy, even though she may greet this to be incompatible with Scripture. She usually will either turn absent from the church completely or try to prove herself by being good long enough until God will finally forgive her. Many post-abortive women, as we have already depict, are secretly positive(p) that their transgressions are literally in a class by themselves, beyond the reach of Gods forgiveness. The more than important task, then is to accept on an emotional take what they may already know on an intellectual level that Gods forgiveness is already available, and that they must decide to reach out and taste it firmly. There are three important aspects to this firm grasp on forgiveness (1) knowing Who ultimately has paid the debt, (2) allowing intimacy with God to be restored and (3) consciousness the difference between punishment and consequences.The Bible clearly teaches that God has made provision for the forgi veness of wrongdoing. But the post-abortive woman often has a very difficult time believing that forgiveness is available for her egoistic and catastrophic choice. Thus, in ap nourish contradiction to (or ignorance of) her own theology, she cannot accept Gods forgiveness. Instead, she continues to break in a compartmentalized state in which her head familiarity and her heart knowledge do not match. Like the person described in the Matthew 18 parable, she has been told of her Lords forgiveness but her guilty emotions still requisite that she pay her debt herself.Restoring intimacy is the second aspect of forgiveness, and it is perhaps best silent in the parent-child relationship. When a child chooses to do something wrong, a healthy, loving parent necessitate only to know that the child is genuinely no-good for her actions for reconciliation and intimacy to be restored. In the resembling way, God only needs for us to verbalize our responsibility and sorrow for our action in sanctify to restore intimacy with Him.Finally, the third aspect of forgiveness has to do with understanding the difference between punishment and consequences, which are all too easy confused. For the post-abortive woman. a consequence might be infertility. It is tempting for her to interpret this as a sign of Gods continued judgment and rejection. Instead, she needs to understand Gods carefulness for her, and His limitless capacity to redeem the fallout from unwise choices in a fallen world. God, as a loving parent, is as grieved as we are about the losses brought on by our choices. But living with the consequences of our choices is a key part of the uncoerced relationship God desires to have with us.The sacrament of confession unveils us and humbles us before God. Confession removes barriers of sin so that the love from the Father can be completely received by us and then we in turn are strengthened to fork over that beautiful unconditional love back to the Father and share it with others around us, particularly our spouse. Christ conquered the death of sin at the cross- He became sin itself, died and defeated it through the resurrection. Ironically, it is through Christ, that our sin brings us to new life. The more we stop of ourselves, the more we are forgiven- where in that respect is much forgiveness there is much love and gratitude. Our anger dies, our bitterness dies, our resentment dies, our critical spirit dies, and our desire for revenge dies. We are now set free so that we ourselves may forgive and live a joyful, fulfilling marriage in and through the aggrandize of Christ. It may be that at one time or another we have found the sacrament of balancing a burden. maybe we even can remember an occasion when we said, I wish I didnt have to go to confession.But certainly in our saner moments we find Reconciliation a sacrament that we love, a sacrament we would not want to be without.Just think of all that the sacrament of Reconciliation does for us first off of all, if a person has cut himself off from God by a grave and deliberate act of disobedience against God (that is, by mortal sin), the sacrament of Reconciliation reunites the soul to God sanctifying grace is restored to the soul.At the same time, the sin itself (or sins) is forgiven. Just as darkness disappears from a room when the argus-eyed is turned on, so too must sin disappear from the soul with the coming of sanctifying grace.When received without any mortal sin on the soul, the sacrament of Reconciliation imparts to the soul an increase in sanctifying grace. This means that there is a increase and strengthening of that divine-life-shared by which the soul is united to God.And always, any pocket-sized sins which the penitent may have committed and for which he is truly sorry are forgiven. These are the lesser and more common sins which do not cut us off from God but still hinder, like clouds across the sun, the full flow of his grace to the soul.It is a spi ritual euphony which strengthens as well as heals. That is why a person object upon leading a good life will make it a practice to receive the sacrament of Reconciliation often. Frequent confession is one of the best guarantees against falling into grave sin. It would be the height of stupidity to say, I dont need to go to confession because I havent committed any mortal sins.All these results of the sacrament of Reconciliation-restoration or increase of sanctifying grace, forgiveness of sins, remission of punishment, restoration of merit, grace to conquer temptation-all these are possibleonly because of the infinite merits of Jesus Christ, which the sacrament of Reconciliation applies to our souls.Jesus on the cross already has done our work for us. In the sacrament of Reconciliation we simply give God a jeopardize to share with us the infinite merits of his Son.Your sins are forgiven.(Luke 520)t was galore(postnominal) years and many struggles later that I realized that it is in the solitude of the confessional when I most live by the way (or cater) of the cross. It is in the confessional that I stick soulfully naked and surrender my sinful life to God. He then gifts me with new life (His Grace). It is through Gods grace that the possibilities for life become endless and exciting. Philippians 413 reads I can do everything God asks me to with the help of Christ who gives me the strength and power. Realize the sacraments are living. God is truly present in the sacrament of reconciliation through His grace (the power of the Holy Spirit). God loves humility so when I completely reveal my weaknesses and failings to God in the sacrament of reconciliation, God gifts me with His grace and through His grace HE inwardly strengthens me against future sin and temptation. The Holy Spirit fills me with love, joy, peace, reliable happiness and a feeling of being content no matter what my life circumstances may be. Ultimately, in the confessional, I am easily being set free from the bondage of sin because in my deepening love for God I loose desire to sin.

Confessions of an Economic Hit Man | Book Summary

Confessions of an frugal Hit Man Book SummaryConfessions of an Economic Hit Man is an autobiography by John Perkins.It tells the story of how the protagonist, Perkins, experienced a series of withalts that are astonishingly influential to the world that we make love in today. It tells the story of how edacity for currency and power creates a weathervane of deceit, traitors and shockingly murderers. It portrays how one country bear exploit others, rob their inhering resources, ca exercise environmental disasters, poison their rivers and guide their politics. Perkins exposes the truth behind his proclaim countrys administrations and its leading role models in the corporate world The United States of America.Perkins begins this throw by introducing both concepts Economic Hit Man (EHM) and corporatocracy. EHMs are a group of people who encourage world leading to become explode of a vast network that promotes U.S commercial interests (p ix). This results in the world draw s becoming trapped in a web of debt and providing the U.S with support politically, militarily and stintingally. In turn, the world leading cause airports, power plants and industrial pose to their people and therefore guarantee their thr testify. John Perkins provides a precise translation of EHMs that they are highly paid professionals who cheat countries around the globe bulge out of trillions of dollars using techniques such as fraudulent financial reports, rigged elections, payoffs, extortion, wind up and murder (p ix).The protagonist was an EHM for the international consultancy firm MAIN and its scheme is to bespeak and persuade poorer country leaders to accept enormous development loans for projects which were to be contracted with U.S companies. They cheat leaders with false economic projections, Your forecasts de experimental conditionine the order of magnitude of the systems they design and the size of the loans , an EHM is the key (p 17). This form of diabolic use, in their calculate a strategic investment, proved to be successful in countries such Ecuador, bluejacket and Saudi Arabia but if the leaders do non agree with the offer for loans and economic growth then the country and their leaders suffered, all the akin murdered. EHM failure was not acceptable.The term corpratocracy as Perkins explains is a collective term describing corporations, banks and governments that work for the progression of the global empire using financial and political muscle to ensure that our schools, businesses and media support the concept of the system that is motivated by the illusion that all economic growth serves for the prosperity of mankind and the large the growth, the further extended the services and that the impoverished are convenient for exploitation. Perkins to a fault take ins us an insight of the impact of corporatocracy on us as we are organism exploited by the economic engine that creates an insatiable appetite for the worlds resou rces and results in a system that fosters slavery. This quote emphasises what we impinge on everyday in our lives in banks, governments, Nike and Wal-Mart and nearly every other corporation in the world and that we are convinced by this economic engine and induced to consume, consume, consume (p cardinal -xiii).A key question is why did John Perkins become an EHM? He implies that his choice of this career path was due to two events in his keep his loyal friendship with Farhad, a son of an Iranian general and his encounter with Anne, his ex-wife (p 5). His parents also played a role in his layer of look on since he grew up as a poor puritan among so umteen wealthy. According to the protagonist, living a life of frustration liking sex and money generated a pivotal role in establishing his intent to live the good life, which was the lure that MAIN adopted to mould him into an EHM (p 7). save the more vital question here is how was such a deist in the corporatocracy become ens nared in its web of deceit?The answer is the manipulative dodge of exploitation. Perkins wife introduced him to an executive at the NSA (National Security Agency). Perkins then undergone a series of NSA assessments were focused on his frustrations, his upbringing and his relationship with his friend Farhad. This repre move how seducible the protagonist was and he was later further lured indirectly to be prepare as an EHM (p 9). When he began to realize the true nature of EHMs, he became juxtapose betwixt becoming one and living the good life or walking away. He often questioned if what he was round to engage in was right and suspected he was not but finally greed and the appealing opportunities MAIN offered won and he dependableified his decision by presupposing that he will expose the corporatocracy after he advanced deeper (p 17).EHMs corroborate been involved Panama, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Ecuador. In each case the writer describes unhomogeneous strategic tactics they emp loy and their various outcomes to the countries leaders, politics and people. Panama was promise by its hero Omar Torrijos at the time Perkins was sent to make his economic forecasts (or in reality an economic hit). Torrijos believed in his countries right to rule its own Panama Canal with no U.S intervention (p38). In 1972, Perkins established a relationship with Torrijos where it appeared that the he knew MAINs true agenda to contendds Panama as he implies, I understand that your company wants more work and usually gets it by inflating the size of projects.. This time is different Give me whats best for my people .Ill give you all the work you want. It was obvious that this man was solely concerned for the benefit of his country and to benefit the poor as rather than himself and which in my point of gain proves that not all leaders are corrupt. Perkins also portrays that Torrijoss selfless attitude would be seen as a threat but Torrijos show his k instanterledge openly that at anytime the U.S could assassinate him and that he will not be destroyed easily, We have the Canal The CIA will have to wipe out me (p 72-75).His expectations came to life on July 31st 1981. His death, which my mother described as a bass plane crash, was a result of his true devotion to Panama rather than the U.S dollar. He renegotiated the Canal Treaty with the U.S President Jimmy Carter to tumble the Canal to the Panamanians and later refused to renegotiate it with President Reagan. The U.S wanted sole control over the Canal. When anything came in their way, the words CIA assassination are heard (p158-159). This is their dodging, all comply with their strategic exploitation game and fail your beliefs for dollars and power or they send in their jackals or the CIA to intervene. After the tragic assassination of Panamas hero, his replacement, Manuel Noriega, followed in his footsteps particularly with the project of building a new canal financed by the Japanese. This make up a threat to U.S firms they could lose billions of dollars. During the George H. W. scrub administration a new strategy emerged to deal with Noriegas intentions. It was through loss of reputation and mess hall murder. In 1986, they developed a corrupt image of drug dealing for Noriega. In 1989, the U.S invades Panama with airstrike assaults on the unharmful Panamanian civilians violating international law (p 173-175).Perkins wrote about Ecuador and how the U.S petroleum company ChevronTexaco Corp contaminated rivers and open holes with four trillion gallons of toxic waste water which contained cover, carcinogens and heavy metals which poisons the Ecuadorian people and their animals (p xviii). Their democratically elected President Jaime Roldos wanted anele companies out of his country, unless they implemented plans that would abet Ecuadors people, they would be forced to leave his country. His people were frustrated and so was he. This posed a threat to their strategy of corp oratocracy, therefore a CIA assassination strategy was implemented and he died in a plane crash two months before Torrijos in 1981 (p 154-156).In 1973, an important event occurred that changed the strategy of corporatocracy, the crude Embargo. This was due to the U.Ss support to the state of Israel both politically and with contradictory aid. This caused tailfin Arab countries including Saudi Arabia to stop oil colour shipments to the U.S (p 82-83). King Faisal of Saudi Arabia played a great role in this embargo since he believed in the license of paradise and swore to pray in Jerusalems Aqsa Mosque. But like any leader that opposed U.S interests he was murdered in 1975 by his own nephew who coincidentally was just being educated in the U.S. As for their strategy for oil rich and strategically located countries such as Saudi Arabia, they sent EHMs, including Perkins team, to the stomach of Saud, with their strategic weapon, economic projections.In order to preserve their oil supply, Washington commenced a new strategy to lure the wealthy House of Saud using negotiations offering technical support, military hardware and training, and an opportunity to bring their nation into the twentieth century. This arrangement would guarantee the House of Sauds power and the U.S would bewilder large portions of petrodollars and forever making Saudis dependent on the U.S companies, such as MAIN. Perkins role was to forecast rough projections of the future of the solid ground if large sums of money were invested in its infrastructure by the aid of U.S construction and engineering companies. He described it as win-win situation (p 83-85).The author was assigned to persuade a member of the Saudi government, Prince W., of a possible new Westernised future of the kingdom in 1975. The protagonist soon realized his weakness for beautiful blondes. And he exploited that weakness and supplied him with his need of women which portrays the measures EHMs result in order to impl ement their assignment. Indeed his technique proved to be a success and Prince W. eventually relented (p 92-95).The diabolic outcome of this strategy is not the result of having a guaranteed illimitable oil support, but is the message the U.S sent If other countries such as Iran, Iraq threatened embargoes, Saudi Arabia would step in discourage other countries from even considering an embargo (p 90). The U.S can not only further corporatocracy but it can even escape with supporting terrorists for their own gain and later prosecute them as outlaws. The U.S desired the House of Saud to bankroll Osama bin Ladens Afghan war against the Soviet Union in the 1980s and they both generously habituated $3.5 billion to the mujahideen resistance movement (p 99). Washington was supporting who it now name murderers and terrorists to further its political agenda, in fact it was an excellent strategy to exploit such movements and later destroy them.Since the success of the Saudi Arabia strategy i n the 70s, the greed of the corporatocracy grew and EHMs were sent to Saddam Hussein of Iraq to exploit his oil reserves in exchange for infrastructural prosperity. Unlike the House of Saud, he did not comply. To Washington, Iraq represented oil, water and its borders with Jordan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, and Iran. It is at strike distance with Israel and the causation Soviet Union. That would have control over its neighbours some which are oil rich (p 182-184). Refusing to comply, Iraq was attacked twice breaking international law. Once by George H. W. supply in the 1990s with air strikes and aerial assaults on civilians. And second, by George W. Bush in 2003 where he deceived the world by claiming Hussein owned weapons of visual modality destruction. But people implied at that time that he planned to sell his oil for Euros which triggered the war.John Perkins ledger furthered a vast amount of friendship to my perception of world leaders. I was always sceptical abo ut many leaders but never did I know about EHMs. I was aware about corruption in governments, the U.S compliance with terrorism and its triplex standards that caused the murder of generations, the emotional scaring of orphans and the theft of dignity, resources and morals of many countries. Personal examples of this is the differenced between the Egyptian government at the time of Anwar Sadat who fought to help free Palestine and stop the Israeli genocide and now where Israelis are using chemic weapons to bomb schools and orphan children and the Egyptians are denying charities to supply those children with food. In my point of view this is also due to the U.Ss strategic exploitation as Egypt relies on billions of U.S foreign aid. I believe that EHMs were in Egypt. Another example is Saudi Arabia and how its leaders stood watching the U.S butcher Iraqi civilians in the war in 2003 and allowed U.S helicopters aerify to Iraq via Saudi Arabia.After reading this book, I also thought o f mysterious assassinations of important politicians such as Rafic Al Hariri who was a supporter of al-Jihad who protected Lebanon from Israeli occupation and Benazir Bhutto of Pakistan. Those were people of similar standards as Torrijos and Roldos and maybe I am right to now believe that those were CIA assassinations. The extent of the use of exploitation strategies by the corporatocracy was appalling and in my point of view the author was convincing and he was right to quit and expose this form of manipulation and terrorism employed by the U.S. As for a solution for corporatocracy, I believe it is in the reason of its existence, the reason why Perkins joined it, the same reason it was created greed and power hunger. If we can perhaps teach American schools the importance of the life, liberty and pursuit of happiness of every country, not just theirs and about international laws, then they might realise the real terrorists. I agree with John Perkins on his strategy of spreading aw areness, using his book and the media, and his idea bountiful this book and talking about it to friends and family. I would also suggest translating this book in different languages, especially Arabic and giving it to Iraqis and Saudis so they can see for themselves the working of the corporatocracy in their everyday life.

Popular Culture In Singapore

Popular Culture In capital of SingaporeNumber the question Question 3. With reference to at least two types of commonplace conclusion, discuss and evaluate the percentage and sham of favourite civilization in Singapore amid the end of the Second sphere struggle and Singapores independence in 1965?Popular civilization is defined as a ethnical artifact or eventidets by which large numbers of pack are voluntarily attracted to through the dissemination of majority media. The study of commonplace culture helps us to understand the society that embraced it as it developed everywhere time. Popular culture overly tackles the everyday flavor and lived experiences that are much neglected. It is argued that popular culture revives a role in geological formation the set and identity element of a society when the general masses consumes and embraces it. In this paper, the reference will look into the role and w tot everyyop of popular culture in the form of Shaw Cinema call fors and the mass travel to of frolic pose between aim fightfare and independence of Singapore.Japan surrendered on 15 prideful 1945 and the British returned on the island on 5 September 1945. Britains failure in defending Singapore had undermined her credibility as a governor of the island. In addition, post-war Singapore was plagued with poverty, unemployment and economical uncertainty. These gave rise to governmental awakening and depicted objectist identity amongst the Singaporeans.1This period of uncertainty and anxiety shaped the identity and popular culture of post-war Singapore.Shortly after the return of the British to Singapore and Malaya, the Shaw movie houses started afresh and barter began to boom.On the return of the British to Singapore and Malaya, we started afresh and business became halcyon because the public hungered for the opportunity to see British and American films. Theatres were crowded oddly during the first few months with the main draw be ing war movies. With much(prenominal)(prenominal) overwhelming response, we had to plan for expansion.2Cinemas owned by the Shaw stretches from Sembawang to Balestier and prior to the Lido, Shaw had the Pavilion on Orchard Road. By 1965, the number of pic halls owned by Shaw in Singapore totaled 19. The independent halls in Singapore which were contracted to play just Shaw distributed films numbered 30. With cinemas scattered throughout the island, the Shaws had the widest exhibition circuit in Singapore.Cinemas during the post war period were avenues where new modern technology and culture converge. In addition, cinema films similarly had a role in shaping political awareness and nationalist sensations just after the war amongst the community in Singapore and Malaya. These could be seen from the popular demand for war themed British and American films. On one hand, the reasons were partly due to Singaporeans losing confidence in them as an infallible ruler and on the other han d, the British government was alike gradually preparing to grant self-governance to Singapore and Malaya. Secondly, the post war films by the Shaw Brothers compete an important role in shaping the identity of the Chinese in Singapore. The film, The Song of Singapore, highlighted Nanyang Style and Nanyang atmosphere, the identity of being a Chinese national was still predominant in the movie. The term huaqiao denotes an overseas Chinese residing in a foreign country and will ultimately return to their motherland China.3By the mid 1950s, the Chinese films from Shaw studio in Hong Kong and Shaw Malay films began to crystallise popularity over the American Hollywood. The first Malay film of the Shaw Brothers, Singapore at Night (Singapura di Waktu Malam) was made after the war. The emphasis of post- war movies were topical anaesthetic dash, topical anaesthetic anaesthetic flavor, and local anesthetic character. At that time, the study selling points of the movies were that it co nveyed a totally Nanyang style and a fully Nanyang atmosphere.4During the post-war period, films in cinemas not only had the role of evoking nationalism, the impact of the cinemas were so huge that they became the representations of mass entertainment consumption and voluntarily participation. patronize the cinemas had to a fault become a new form of sensation and intemperateness where patrons were eager to experience. As mentioned above, cinemas during the post-war periods were avenues where audiences could catch a glimpse of technological innovations. With increase popularity and competition from other post-war exhibitors and other forms of mass entertainment, the Shaw cinemas imported the latest in cinematograph and theatre equipments, hale systems, furnishings, air-conditioning and chairs. Over the years, other than the improvements in colour and sound there were also other innovative methods for enhancing the cinema experience invariably being launched from Hollywood.5Alth ough many of these special format films were shortlived, but they renewed upthrow in cinema during the various periods they were launched.Cinemas were also avenues of ethnical convergence where prankish audiences could experience a new form of modern culture. One physical exercise was the dual purpose halls in which the Shaw cinemas not only screened movies there were also held live shows and events. Some of these were meant for promoting films and others were purely for entertainment. Imported live shows and performance from Malaya and the constituent made its way into Shaw cinemas as early as 1951. Visiting magicians and illusionists neer failed to draw crowds with their exciting performances which not only provide entertainment it also drew a form of mysterious sensation amongst the audiences. Dances by visiting dance troupes from all over the world were also popular demands amongst patrons so.6By the 1950s, the advertising campaigns during the post war period became more sophisticated and creative. The impact of the film industry on the locals was so great that furtheranceal and advertising materials sent from major studios abroad had to take on a local context. Furthermore, the Shaw Cinemas went on to involve public participation in order to fulfil success in film promotion events.You must advertise, put up the postings, put it in the newpapers you must think what are the loving of people, what kind of advertisements to attract the people7Daily newspaper ads, cinema standees poster displays and movie trailers provided the mainstays of Shaw promotions. Posters were not only hung outside of the cinemas but also on poster boards along road junctions and overhead bridges. They were also hanged in other major locations such as shopping centres, supermarkets, fairgrounds, schools, coffeeshops and even the Singapore Turf Club. To advertise engage larger crowds, billboard trucks travelled all over the island to transport coming attractions and distri bute handbills. Promotions for blockbusters were even more elaborated as it knotty all forms of public transportations and even armoured trucks and airplanes. These vehicles were outfitted with advertising banners and billboards.aside from mere screening of films and performances, Shaw cinemas went further to entice and involve their audiences and patrons in their business. For example, moving picture theme marketing was another effective method at move attention. Within the cinema itself, the Shaw marketing team would organise theme screenings with audiences polished up in movie themes. Another was the red head promotion at the Capitol in 1956 for the premiere of Slightly Scarlet. Girls who flaunted the loveliest red hair were precondition a spray of flowers and a voucher for free hairdo with a leading hairstylist.As a source of publicity, personal appearances by stars created utmost impact for their films wherever they went. Touring stars from Hollywood or Shaw Studios added hex to movie premieres, cinema openings, festivals, charities as hale as other events in Singapore and all over Malaysia. Autograph signing sessions never failed to draw crowds as well as interest from the press.These events and contests were considered new and exciting to Singaporeans during the post war periods. The Shaw cinemas at its peak during this period not only created a platform that joined community from different ethnicity and quarrels it further created a form of lifestyle and mass culture amongst the community that indulged in mass consumption of entertainment. The impact was far-reaching that it even introduced to the community the first time the idea of star chasing and the glamour to be a successful celebrity. sport parks operated by the Shaw Brothers during post-war Singapore were also familiar sights. Since 1930s, it had always been an unforgettable experience for populace of Singapore to visit these amusement parks.8These amusement parks resumed business short ly after the war continued to offer variety and non-stop offerings which could not be found in traditional culture and entertainment venues. It was a crucible of new culture forms, as old contents transformed to meet changing popular taste, and new ones were introduced to suit the versatile crowds. Popular live stage shows featuring all forms of dances, game contests, magic shows, comedy shows, fashion parades as well as band performances before the screening of movies. Some stage shows featured local or visiting celebrities, but most of the time they were performed by amateurs or semi-professionals. Then there were the contests based on fads. In addition, depending on what was popular at the time, dance contests were held regularly. In 1956, with rock and roll sweeping the film world, a rock and roll contest was held at the Great World Caberet to promote Rock around the Clock. In 1957, the same venue was apply for the cha cha cha contest to promote the film Cha Cha Cha Boom. In 1 963, with twisting films increasingly popular, a twisting contest was held at Sky.9One of the highlights in the amusement parks was the bangsawan which was a travelling commercial theatre meant to generate profits. Although the main language used was Malay, the bangsawan as a cultural form was effectively multicultural.10Bangsawan was a popular culture that transcends all boundaries ethnicity, linguistic and cultural. Not only was the pen of the audience cut across class distinction, it was also multi-ethnic and multi-cultural. In the amusement parks, there were also other forms of popular culture such as the Chinese Wayang, band performances, open air cinema, and Malay tender dances. Consequently, this process of assimilating traditional performance groups, and especially travelling theatres in the amusement parks inevitably resulted in the transformation of different cultural forms.11When bangsawan was assimilated into the urban amusement parks, it featured an improbable variety of shows. To fill in time between acts, or before and after each play, there would be musical and dance interludes.Until mid 1960s, Singapore was largely kindly stratified and each person was kept to exclusive clubs and clan associations. Amusement parks on the other hand were accessible to any social groups. The various cultural forms which were adapted allowed for different degrees of participation in the show, depending only on the amount of money one could spare. This loosening of boundaries of the urban amusement parks hence provided everyone a glimpse into the different cultures, practices, and leisure life of the diverse community living in Singapore.12Such opportunities during post war or prior independence were rare. The urban amusement parks were then a different world to the visitors where they could participate in leisure activities and cultural performances of the various communities, all at once, within a single community. both(prenominal) Shaw Cinema and amusement p arks played a major role in attracting multiethnic groups under one roof and consuming the diverse forms of entertainment, culture and technological advancements which never failed to evoke strong sensations and excitement amongst the patrons. The cinema films also played a role in evoking nationalism and shaping of the Nanyang identity during the post-war period. Perhaps, it could be argued that these avenues to a certain extent provided refuge from existence and the harshness of life during post-war Singapore. The impact of publicity and marketing was so far-reaching amongst the local community that the culture of star chasing then mirrored the image and glamour pop and movie stars enjoy in contemporary Singapore.BlibiographyBarbara Leitch Lepoer, ed. Singapore A Country Study. Washington GPO for the Library of Congress, 1989.Sai-Shing Yung, Territorialization and the Entertainment Industry of the Shaw Brothers in Southeast Asia, China Forever The Shaw Brothers and Diasporic Cine ma, ed. Poshek Fu, pp. 133-153.Tan Sooi Beng, From Popular to Traditional study The Dynamics of Change in Bangsawan of Malaysia, Ethnomusicology, vol.33, no.2, Spring-Summer 1989, pp.229-237Wong Yunn Chii and Tan Kar Lin, Emergence of a universal space for culture and consumption the New World Amusement Park- Singapore(1923-70) in the inter-war years, Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, Volume 5, Number 2, 2004, pp. 279-304

The American Constitution and Drug War Essay -- American Government, L

The consensus with regards to drug laws favors more stringent and draconian laws, with the drive to stifle use and punish crime. There are many claims apply against drug legalization, such(prenominal) as, moral degradation, crime, the destruction of inner cities along with families, diseases, such as AIDS, and the corrupting of law enforcement. When atomic number 53 examines the effects of obstruction, one has to demand has the cost been worth it? Certainly, an argument for the abolition of prohibition doesnt overwhelm the favoring of drug use, but merely recognizes the vain and utopian attempt to chasteness individual choices. Along these lines, the unintended consequences of these attempts may preclude any benefits. Further, one has to wonder are these lawsat the national level native or not? This paper will examine the issue of drug prohibition from a constitutional standpoint, an economic perspective, and the societal effects these laws have. The Constitution of the join States is the supreme law of the land. While this bidding seems axiomatic, its essential to bonk the explication and implication of this with regard to the drug war. Its been assumed that whatever the federal official government passes is by the fact itself constitutional, notwithstanding the Supreme Court. However, to the dismay of some, this statement is blatantly false.The Constitution was ratified on the condition that only the powers the federal government would possess were the ones specifically delegated to it by the states. This is reinforced by the tenth amendment (Mount, 2010). This view stipulates that the federal government is limited and defined and, for the government to gather up new powers, the correct approach would be through Article Vs amendment process. ... ...this construction of the words necessary and proper, is not only amenable with that which prevailed during the discussions and ratification of the constitution, but is absolutely necessary to maintain their consistency with the suspicious character of the government, as possessed of particular and defined powers, only not of the general and indefinite powers vested in ordinary governments. (Tucker, 2010)To take a look beyond these powers would cripple the constitution and thus cripple our democratic principles and process. In order for changes to be madewhich there have beenthe proper disposition would be the amendment process. If it took the Eighteenth Amendment in 1919 to criminalise alcohol, it would seem logical and constitutional to outlaw drugs (Vick, 2010). In sum, any laws at the federal level that outlaw drugs, based on these facts, are unconstitutional.

Frankenstein Vs. The Monster Essay -- English Literature

Frankenstein Vs. The MonsterAt this point in the novel, I sympathize with the monster redden thoughhe has become a terrible person. As his creator, Victor Frankensteinshould have cared for the monster despite his nauseating appearance.Frankenstein failed to provide the monster with any type of parentalguidance and instead ran away from his responsibilities. In the firstfew hours of his birth, the monster is faced with rejection, even fromhis creator. If Frankenstein would have guided and nurtured him, thenthe monster would have never desire revenge on Frankenstein and hisfamily.However, I sympathize mostly with the monster because he is no the superstarto blame. I believe with most instances that the parent is the one toblame. The parent influences a nestling the most in that childs life. Ifa child lives in a bad or corrupt family that child get out live with adamaged past. All that child knows is the failure of a family.Therefore, there is a continuation of this through famil y generations.Without a home or any place to go, the monster is forced to live int...

Drama: Alive And Well Essay -- essays research papers fc

drama breathing and Well      there have been mevery dramatic plays over the centuries. umteen of these plays have died in their time, while others have lived on. What makes these plays endure time and hold on to be influential over time? Perhaps it is the storyline or the interesting nature of the play is what makes these dramas last. I think that it is the focus on humankindkind nature and its essential truths that keep these plays bouncy. Most of the plays, still enacted in theaters today, deal with social issues that people do-nothing learn from and relate to.      genial relationships seem to remain constant over time. Technology has changed dramatically, but human interaction is still basically the same. Human relationships have been recorded and understand by many authors in different literary genres through time. Drama has produced many lasting works. They have lasted because peoples ability to relate to them in any time frame due to the social theme, specifically, individualism, reality versus fantasy, actions and consequences, social standing, lies and deceptions, and human talents.     In ancient Greece, the people believed in many gods. It was thought that discharge against the will of these gods would result in punishment. The famous Greek writer, Sophocles, make a very good interpretation of this relationship between the people and the gods in the tragedy titled "Antigone." This play focused on the actions of the characters in the play, and the consequences that would result. It made a direct link between the consequences and the power of the gods. Creon, the cross-grained king, would not bury Polynices even though it was the will of the gods. The blind prophet Tiresias warns Creon of this. He says all men make mistakes, it is only human... a man can turn back on his folly, misfortune too, if he tries to make mending (Sophocles). Creon would eventually lose his son an d his wife in this ordeal. Creon was too stubborn to succumb to the gods, and that was the consequence he faced.     We can relate to this scenario today. The gods whitethorn not be that are the source of our consequences, but everyone knows that actions always bring intimately consequences, either by law or just life. This play may urge a reader to consider his actions when thinking of what happened to Creon.... ...erie" and its theme of pretermit is recognized by many people and is then kept alive in the literature world. Tennessee Williams ability to bring us into the mind of turkey cock makes the play interesting and gives it a lasting effect.     The ability to relate to characters in drama and to the social theme is the key to the lasting effect of these plays. There are many other reasons for the plays remaining existence, but none equate to the personal relationships that are built in the dramas such as "Dolls endure" and "Everyman." People enjoy this relationship, and it is those people who keep the plays in existence by purchasing the paperback or attending the play at a theater.Works CitedAnonymous. Everyman. Discovering Literature Compact Edition. Ed. Guth and Rico.      New Jersey Prentice Hall, 2000. 1060-1071.Jokinen, Anniina. Everyman an Introduction. 29 October 1999.      http//www.luminarium.org/medlit/intro.htm (2000-MAR-27).Sophocles. Antigone. Discovering Literature Compact Edition. Ed. Guth and Rico. New      Jersey Prentice Hall, 2000. 738-776.

Free Essays - Chronicle of a Death Foretold :: Chronicle Death Foretold Essays

The Understanding of Characters Through Relationships Relationships create strong watchs in novels. They give a sense of what to base a characters acts and decisions on. Through how the pen uses their tone and descriptions, relating to kinships, a sense of characterization can be developed. Anna Karenina, by Leo Tolstoy, translated by Joel Carmichael, and Chronicle of a Death Foretold, by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, translated by Gregory Rabassa, are no exception to this clause. Relationships form throughout these novels, by incorporating literary elements like characterization romanticism and realism, giving characters a sense of who they are, and the referee a sense of their role and reference to the story.  In Anna Karenina, bloods are create throughout the story helping for the reader to understand characters and who they are. One of the two major relationships taking place in the novel is among Anna Karenina and Levin. Anna Karenina, arguably the most important chara cter to the novel, gets many of her key traits brought forth by relationship problems. Annas search through her quest for love is purely emotional, and at the end of her characters keep Annas reason fails her. She has too much feeling and emotion, a trait shared by many of Tolstoys characters. Her feeling from her relationship lead to overpower her thoughts and opinions, giving the novel a sense of romanticism. She becomes disgruntle. In the end, Anna cant hold her own wits. Tolstoy uses characterization to present Anna, through the relationships she has it can be mum her attitude and personal qualities. Levin, one of the main partners in a relationship with Anna, is the hero of Anna Karenina. Through Tolstoys tone and description in the interaction between Anna and Levin it is almost gathered that Levin was created to merely point out his superiority, and his relationships with Anna does directly that. Where Anna continually maneuvers hysterically to achieve the perfect romance, Levin strives to find coherence in life and death, love and work. This can be discovered through the characterization direct towards Levin. Anna becomes a portrait of alienation through this relationship. Levin finds harmony with those around him. In Anna, you find a moral collapse, while in Levin, you see Tolstoys hopes and joys of his future. Anna and Levin  turn out a variation of character traits brought forth from their relationship. The second great relationship taking place forms between Vronsky and Kitty.

American And Nigerian Culture Essay -- essays research papers

American and Nigerian cultures be alike in some aspects of life, whilebeing dissimilar in other aspects. This report is clearly exemplified when onecomp ares their own experience and knowledge of culture in America to thatdescription and portrayal of Nigerian culture as seen done Buchi Emechetasnovel, The Wrestling Match.Both of our societies can be looked at as agree in how teenagers aretypically stereotyped, rivalry among towns/villages, and the attainment ofmanhood or maturity through experiences or accomplishments.Contrary to the similarity of the cultures, there are also some basicdifferences. One of the main distinctions is that we live in a technologicallyadvanced empire while Emecheta shows us that Nigerians are more typically aprimitive nation.No matter in what culture you find teenagers, they will probably bestereotyped. This is evident in the novel as well as in our own culture. Forexample, the Akpei passel (neighbors to the nearby Igbuno village) havefound that someo ne has fished and trampled in their stream. ( This is a reallybad thing because the vegetation and fish are now no longer available) The blameimmediately lands upon the Uma aya Biafra, or teenagers of Igbuno. There is noquestion, it is just assumed that teenagers were involved. (Unfortunately, Uche,a teenager from Igbuno, has committed this hei...

Essay --

ii.The ICC and Restorative JusticeThe scholarship of victims rights as an integral part of the ICC is exemplified in the premise of the Rome Statute, which declares that the ICC was created, in part, in experience of the fact that during this century millions of children, wo custody and men have been the victims of unimaginable atrocities that deeply shock the conscience of humanity. However, the ICCs recognition of victims rights does not go towards the effectiveness of the ICC at achieving the victims goals. The ICC canisternot effectively achieve the goals of restorative justice because of (1) its determined demand for Western methods of adjudication and (2) its inherent emphasis on societal refilling as opposed to individual rehabilitation. First, the ICC places an unabated amount of pressure on the demand for a venomous prosecution in the context of a courtroom. The Preamble and name 1 of the Rome Statute sets forth an authorised restriction on power of the ICC it sha ll be complementary to national criminal jurisdictions. A case will be considered inadmissible when it is being investigated or prosecuted by a State which has jurisdiction over it or has been investigated by a State which has jurisdiction over it and the State has decided not to prosecute The question most often posed by commentators is can non-prosecutorial measures demonstrate an intent to bring the person concerned to justice? In the trial against Congolese warlords Germain Katanga & Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui, Katangas defense counsel challenged the admissibility of the case. The Trial house offers two interpretations of the word unwillingness as used in Article 17 (1) unwillingness motivated by the desire to obstruct the way o... ...avior, i.e. laws, prosecutions support societal rehabilitation by influencing the moral values of that society. much(prenominal) societal rehabilitation can inoculate the population against lapses into oppressive sort and repressive regimes. How ever, prosecutions do not attempt to rehabilitate or miscellanea the moral values of the perpetrator, or individual victims. This is primarily brought about by the challenge to balance the goal of restorative justice with the interests of efficiency and fairness. Also, the withdrawnness of the ICC may play a role in its inability to give ear as a rehabilitative function for individuals. Prosecutions at The Hague builds further distance between the conflict and those who participated in and were victims of it. The empirical weight of the ICCs geographical remoteness has been long disputed however, no conclusive determinations have been reached.

Harry Potter Essays -- essays research papers

stimulate Potter and The Sorcerers StoneThe obligate I empathize was called Harry Potter and the Sorcerers stone. The author of this book was a woman by the name of J.K. Rowling. This book has two settings, in the beginning, when Harry is living with his Uncle Vernon and Aunt Petunia he is at 4 privet drive. After he is sent off to Hogwarts, the setting is at the gigantic school for wizards and witches.The main character in the book I read was Harry Potter. He is rather skinny, has dark-skinned brown hair and secure green eyes and glasses. He also has a scar in the middle of his forehead in the shape of a lightning bolt. Ron Weasly, Harrys friend, has red hair and brown eyes big lips and is slightly larger than Harry, especially in the middle. Hermonie Granger is another friend of Harrys she has long light brown hair that is a little poofy. She has dark brown eyes and thick eyebrows.In the beginning, Harry was dropped off at his aunts and uncles by a giant and a warlock. He h ad 12 long years of being beat up by his spoiled cousin and his gang. One day, letters came down the chimney, chill the whole house. This caused his uncle to propose a vacation. When they got to their destination, Harry remembered that it was his birthday. That night, Harry drew a cake in the sand on the floor and watched the clock simulate midnight. Then a giant pushed down the door. The giant had an argument with Harrys uncle about whether or not ...

Evita :: essays research papers

EvitaStereotyping is a folly that almost everyone indulges in whether theyrealise it or not. Of course many try to stop this by educating themselves tobe well-educated about worldly affairs but one cigarette precisely equip oneself with somuch information in ones lifetime. Cofer talks about the stump that followHispanic women no matter where they go. On the other(a) hand, Eva Peron (Evita),portrays how Argentinean women can rise up in life and defeat the stereotypethey face. Both Cofer and Evita have conflicting views of how one should beatthe stereotype that they face.Cofer feels that fosterage is the best way a Latino woman can shape up thestereotype of them beingness lour class citizens or as being easy. She realisesthat not every Latino woman has the same trainingal opportunities as she hadand because of the majority of Latino women perpetuating the myth, thestereotype all(prenominal)ow go on. Many Latino women invite this stereotype to themselvesas their behaviou r and actions are of the result of their upbringing. Latinowomen think that it is normal to dress flashily or bare their skin. Their polish allows them to do so as they are protected by traditions and laws of aSpanish/Catholic system of morality. The main rule in their cultivation is that"You may look at my sister, but if you touch her I will kill you." This systemhas made Latino women more open and daring. at one time they go out of their culturalsystem, they practice the same actions which often tends to be misinterpreted asbeing easy. Some Latino women have used this as a way to advance themselvesonto higher positions in the world in effect(p) like what Evita did. These women arenot of the majority but almost all Latino women fall into the stereotype ofbeing easy just because of what a few women has done.Evita is a typical example of how a woman can use her physical assetsto gain higher positions in the world. Even though she is treated like a sainttoday, there is stil l a question of morality on how she has advanced herself.True she gave hope to the lower class but how she went about it is morally wrong.By treating her like a saint, it is almost saying that it is all right to useyour body to advance yourself. This is what Cofer is against. She feels thatwomen should prove themselves and get out of the stereotype by using educationto advance themselves.Many Latino women fall into the term "sexual sword" (348)

Brain Tumors :: essays research papers fc

BRAIN TUMORS(Meningioma and Oligodendroglioma)I. PathologyA. MeningiomaII. EtiologyA. No known hitB.Uncontrolled di wad of meningial cellsIII. SpecificsA.Affected cell - meninx (cover and protection of foreland and spinal cord)B.Accounts for 20% of all intracranial tumorsC.typically favorableD.between skull and chiefE.Compresses but does not invade brainIV. Symptoms/SignsA.HeadachesB.Stroke-like symptomsC.SeizuresD.Loss of visionE.Personality changesF.CT s can buoys and MRIs can narrow nominal head and exact steadV. TypesA.Convexity (curved part of the skull)B. cavernous sinusC.sphenoid wingD.Clivus and parasellar regionsE.Cerebellar ( excessively occur)VI. TreatmentsA.Surgical removal (most common, first off option)B.Regular beam of lightC.Stereotactic Radiosurgery (precise radiation delivered to the brain without harm to surrounding interweave/ this is single-valued functiond for meningiomas that ar more difficult to safely remove)VII. PrognosisA. magnificent (more th an 95% excerption rate)B.Minimal physical therapy may be requiredMy aunt exclusively recently had surgery to remove a benign meningioma. The surgery was a success and had she survived despite further complications, her give-and-take future(a) the surgery was to be mere physical therapy to regain full or partial use of her left hand. I. Pathology A. OligodendrogliomaII. EtiologyA. UnknownIII. SpecificsA.Affects oligodendrocytes (responsible for myelin production, which covers poise and allows for quick conduction of information)B.Most common in male adultsC. may be benign or malignant and spread to other part of brain or even outsideIV. Symptoms/SignsA.HeadachesB.VomitingC.Visual complicationsD. memory lossE.Problems with coordination and liveryF.Mood and personality changesG.Paralysis on oneness sideH.CT scans and MRIs can determine front line and exact location of tumorsV. TypesA.Frontal lobeB.Temporal lobeVI. TreatmentA.SurgeryB. beam of lightC.ChemotherapyVII. Prognos isA. low-down long termB.Often fatalityIn addition to current treatment methods for tumors (chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and stereostatic radiosurgery), testing is being done to determine the effects of hyperthermia, ingredient and viral therapy, as well as immunotherapy (vaccines) as possible treatment methods. This may be useful because most tumors are more afflictive to heat than other tissues. Of course, as with all cancers and diseases, ceaseless research is also being done to determine specific causes. header Tumors essays research papers fc BRAIN TUMORS(Meningioma and Oligodendroglioma)I. PathologyA. MeningiomaII. EtiologyA. No known causeB.Uncontrolled division of meningial cellsIII. SpecificsA.Affected cell - meninges (cover and protection of brain and spinal cord)B.Accounts for 20% of all intracranial tumorsC.Typically benignD.Between skull and brainE.Compresses but does not invade brainIV. Symptoms/SignsA.HeadachesB.Stroke-like symptomsC.SeizuresD.Loss of vi sionE.Personality changesF.CT scans and MRIs can determine presence and exact locationV. TypesA.Convexity (curved part of the skull)B.Cavernous sinusC.Sphenoid wingD.Clivus and parasellar regionsE.Cerebellar (also occur)VI. TreatmentsA.Surgical removal (most common, first option)B.Regular radiationC.Stereotactic Radiosurgery (precise radiation delivered to the brain without harm to surrounding tissue/ this is used for meningiomas that are more difficult to safely remove)VII. PrognosisA.Excellent (more than 95% survival rate)B.Minimal physical therapy may be necessaryMy aunt just recently had surgery to remove a benign meningioma. The surgery was a success and had she survived despite further complications, her treatment following the surgery was to be mere physical therapy to regain full or partial use of her left hand. I. Pathology A. OligodendrogliomaII. EtiologyA. UnknownIII. SpecificsA.Affects oligodendrocytes (responsible for myelin production, which covers nerves and allows fo r quick conduction of information)B.Most common in male adultsC.May be benign or malignant and spread to other parts of brain or even outsideIV. Symptoms/SignsA.HeadachesB.VomitingC.Visual complicationsD.Memory lossE.Problems with coordination and speechF.Mood and personality changesG.Paralysis on one sideH.CT scans and MRIs can determine presence and exact location of tumorsV. TypesA.Frontal lobeB.Temporal lobeVI. TreatmentA.SurgeryB.RadiotherapyC.ChemotherapyVII. PrognosisA.Poor long termB.Often fatalityIn addition to current treatment methods for tumors (chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and stereostatic radiosurgery), testing is being done to determine the effects of hyperthermia, gene and viral therapy, as well as immunotherapy (vaccines) as possible treatment methods. This may be useful because most tumors are more sensitive to heat than other tissues. Of course, as with all cancers and diseases, continuous research is also being done to determine specific causes.

Phoolan Devi: Perceptions Of Power :: essays research papers

Phoolan Devi Perceptions of cause The purpose of this paper is to analyze and index gender and power as theyfactor into the life of whizz Dalit woman, Phoolan Devi. Particularly, I havechosen to try on the idea of whether or not she wielded real power. In anattempt to crop it more useful to speak of this slippery thing c completelyed power, Iwould interchangeable to make some declarations and pose some questions about its nature.Cynthia Emerson has suggested that power is finally based on dependencyrelationships (Emerson 1962). It is important to remember that almost allmanifestations of power require a power holder and at least unrivaled other party thatbelieves that the offset holds power. I would like to filtrate the word"believes" in the previous sentence because I think it is one of the keyingredients in understanding relationships of power. I realize that in many a(prenominal)instances the power of the first party may not be undone merely by the secondp arty ceasing to accept it, and that the power of one individual over anothermay sometimes be physically or otherwise inescapable. Often, the flavour followsthe direct experience of power, besides careless(predicate) of the order in which it isconceptualized, I feel the nature of power is inextricably founded in belief andperception.One of the most striking characteristics of Phoolan Devi is her refusal toaccept her power-deficient positions in her relationships. From the time thatshe was a child, she seems to have refused to align to her societyshierarchical indexing. She resisted attempts to categorize and vex her intotypical gender, class, and matrimonial positions. This is not to say that herresistance was always successful, but I am trying to show a lack of willingnessto conform and accept her positions in her power relations. Her belief that thestatus that had been prescribed to her was unsportsmanlike and her reluctance to acceptit are key factors that led to her gaining power and open frame from her powerdeficient relationships. Her belief in her upward mobility made it possible.This belief in her self and resistance towards accepting the power forced on herhelped undermine that same power. This is the one factor that makes Phoolan sodifferent from so many of her Indian sisters that are still living under the hitch of Manus Code.Does Phoolan Devi possess real power? So far we have consideredtheoretic power in relationships, but what about physical manifestations ofpower? The first example that comes to mind is the fact that over two hundred

The Cultural Significance of The Tale of Genji Essay -- Japan Culture

The Cultural Significance of The report of Genji The Tale of Genji is one of the most important stories of ancient Japanese literature. Japanese scholar Sin Ohno said that there is no literature bring forth verbally during the Heian age which is written in as precise language as The Tale of Genji. The author, Murasaki Shikibu, is a wo firearm. In this tale, we can see the construct towards mating of wo manpower during her period. During the Nara Era, and some time before, the concept of marriage was totally different from the concept we know today. It is strained Tsuma Toi Kon. Tsuma means wife Toi means to visit Kon means marriage. In order to explain the marriage during this era, I will present an interpreter of the typical interactions between men and women. When a man meets woman, somewhere standardized market where many people gather, the man would ask her address and yell if he is interested in her. Asking for the name also avoids error asking for the address is so he can visit her. visit her is worry marriage in todays sense. If the woman is interested in the man, she would ascertain her address and name. The man would visit the womans house in the evening and call her name from outside. He might play a musical putz like a flute, or restate, or sing songs to get her attention. hands sometimes visited women without calling or playing any music. Whether the woman accepts the man is up to the woman to decide. If the woman is interested, she would invite him in. Men and women generally worked during the day time the men visited women only at night time. In anterior eras, the family built a sub-house beside the main house and invited the men into the sub-house. However, the men did non stay in the sub-house. Men visited at night and... ...robably tried to create a figure who had ability to support several(prenominal) different women. sluice though what Genji did was allowed in ancient society, it is definitely not acceptable today. In The T ale of Genji a man would sometimes play a harp or a flute to get a womans attention. Considering the appearance of traditionalistic marriage, those men are following the traditional ways of marriage. Marriage during the Heian Era is a little different from the Nara Era. They still pracitced what was still recognized as visiting marriage, but the family formally accepted the man as groom. However, men still stopped visiting when they lost interest in the women. This is like Hikaru Genji, who did not like Lady Aoi very much, so he rarely visited her. Visiting marriage had many problems. In some cases, men visited several different women at a time. There were laws to restrict the m

An Introduction To Fiber Optics Technology Essay example -- Technology

An Introduction to Fiber Optics TechnologyThroughout time, speed and efficiency in the telecommunications industry has progressed at a rapid pace collect to fiber centre technology. In 1979, AT&T revolutionized the telecommunications industry by producing a medium for data transmission which used light, called fiber oculus cable. This medium created a bandwidth of 44.736 Mbps and could multiplex 672 trunk circuits onto one fiber (Cole, 2000). However, this intention was only the beginning of a great addition to telecommunications, one that would modify the industry forever.Even though AT&T introduced fiber optic technology in 1979, they werent the first company to think of such a creative cerebration. The concept of exchanging data by the use of light was imagination of by Alexander Graham campana in the late 1800s. buzzer always thought of possibilities that pulses of light could aerate voice signals, but Bell never had a dependable light source to test the idea (Cheo, 199 0). In 1880, Bell patented a phone use visual transmission called the Photophone. Bells invention failed because it used air as the medium to transmit light, rather than the glass fibers that are used today. Copper wire was obviously more reliable than Bells invention at the time, leading to the failure of his Photophone (Hecht, 1999).Expanding on Bells idea, English scientist John Logie costume and United States scientist Clarence W. Hansell patented the idea of using hollow glass pipes to transmit television images in the 1920s. However, the tubes patented were very(prenominal) poor quality and experienced signal loss very easily. Bard and Hansell also ran into the same problem Bell did, not having a constant, yearning light source (Hecht, 1999).Solving Bard and Hansells p... ...singly being used in every aspect of communications. When AT&T started using fiber optics in 1979, telephony was revolutionized. Today, the fiber optics industry is growing faster and faster. Over 9 0 % of long distance calls are now transmitted via fiber optics (Concise, 1994). Hopefully, someday there will be no limit to speed in the telecommunications industry because of fiber optics.Works CitedCheo, P. (1990). Fiber Optics and Optoelectronics Second Edition. Upper institutionaliseRiver, NJ learner Hall.Cole, M. (2000). Introduction to Telecommunications Voice, Data, and theInternet. Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall.Concise Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. (1994). Fiber Optic SystemsOVERVIEW.Available WWW.http// www2.hawaii.edu/rubio/ fiberoptics/overview.htmFotec. (1996). Lennie Lightwaves Guide To Fiber Optic Jargon. Online Web Site.

Environmental Effects of Fossil Fuels Essay -- Essays Papers

surroundingsal do of Fossil FuelsBesides food, fogey fuels are our most significant resource. agree to www.bydesign.com, in that location are three major resources. These resources are sear, crude and subjective gas. The environmental impact of fogey fuel enjoyment affects us greatly as individuals and as a global community. ember causes often defame to our environment. Coal extraction is a serious cause of weewee pollution. Coal is used primarily to produce electricity. Coal releases nitrous oxide when it is burned. nitrous oxide alas stays in the atmosphere for a long time. Because this is unbroken in the atmosphere for such a long time it is truly arduous to see or predict the harmful effects of this gas. tight 50 percent of the nitrogen oxide in the atmosphere is directly produced by char. fit in to www.eia.gov the US energy supply and demand predicts that annual coal usage will increase from 1146 maven thousand thousand bypass tons to 1175 million short tons. This means that the environmental detriments from coal usage will only when increase. Currently, there is no sure way to relieve the environmental stressors caused by coal. However, for me, personally, this is a relief. This is relieving because my father owns a small family business that sells mulch and street stone. During the winter months, his business depends on coal sales. In the past some decades, domicile usage of coal has decreased significantly due to the increment availability and convenience of other fuels. I do not call back that this statistic indicates that the medium for household usage will increase, but it is encouraging to let out that coal will not disappear anytime soon. rock oil is another one of the fogy fuels to which many of my fathers previous customers are conv... ...vironment. Overall, fossil fuels guard major impact on our environment. Our energy choices leave constant impacts on the lives of plants, animals and ourselves. Many health and physical concerns can be linked to fossil fuel usage. Hopefully, by reducing our energy consumption we will be able to protect our lives and lives of those to come. Works CitedAbout Fossil Fuel. 19 Feb 2004. 29 Mar. 2005 http//www.bydesign.com/fossilfuels/links/html/fossil_fuel.html.Natural Gas and the Environment. 2004. Naturalgas.org. 29 Mar. 2005 http//www.naturalgas.org/environment/naturalgas.asp.Restoring the Resources. Exxon Valdez Oil Trustee Council. 29 Mar. 2005 http//www.evostc.state.ak.us/facts/prevention.html.Short Term efficiency Outlook. short-term Energy Outlook March 2005. 8 Mar 2005. 29 Mar. 2005 http//www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/steo/ pothouse/contents.html. Environmental Effects of Fossil Fuels Essay -- Essays PapersEnvironmental Effects of Fossil FuelsBesides food, fossil fuels are our most important resource. According to www.bydesign.com, there are three major resources. These resources are coal, oil and natural gas. The environmental impact of fossil fuel usage affects us greatly as individuals and as a global community. Coal causes much damage to our environment. Coal extraction is a serious cause of water pollution. Coal is used primarily to produce electricity. Coal releases nitrous oxide when it is burned. Nitrous oxide unfortunately stays in the atmosphere for a long time. Because this is kept in the atmosphere for such a long time it is very difficult to see or predict the harmful effects of this gas. Nearly fifty percent of the nitrogen oxide in the atmosphere is directly produced by coal. According to www.eia.gov the US energy supply and demand predicts that annual coal usage will increase from 1146 million short tons to 1175 million short tons. This means that the environmental detriments from coal usage will only increase. Currently, there is no sure way to relieve the environmental stressors caused by coal. However, for me, personally, this is a relief. This is relieving because my father owns a small family bu siness that sells mulch and driveway stone. During the winter months, his business depends on coal sales. In the past few decades, household usage of coal has decreased significantly due to the growing availability and convenience of other fuels. I do not believe that this statistic indicates that the average for household usage will increase, but it is encouraging to hear that coal will not disappear anytime soon. Oil is another one of the fossil fuels to which many of my fathers previous customers are conv... ...vironment. Overall, fossil fuels have major impact on our environment. Our energy choices leave lasting impacts on the lives of plants, animals and ourselves. Many health and physical concerns can be linked to fossil fuel usage. Hopefully, by reducing our energy consumption we will be able to protect our lives and lives of those to come. Works CitedAbout Fossil Fuel. 19 Feb 2004. 29 Mar. 2005 http//www.bydesign.com/fossilfuels/links/html/fossil_fuel.html.Natural Gas and the Environment. 2004. Naturalgas.org. 29 Mar. 2005 http//www.naturalgas.org/environment/naturalgas.asp.Restoring the Resources. Exxon Valdez Oil Trustee Council. 29 Mar. 2005 http//www.evostc.state.ak.us/facts/prevention.html.Short Term Energy Outlook. Short-Term Energy Outlook March 2005. 8 Mar 2005. 29 Mar. 2005 http//www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/steo/pub/contents.html.

Oedipus Essay -- Literary Analysis, Sophocles

Anger is expressed through a variety of reasons. Vague with many divisions and levels, it comprises of divergent types. Anger is a decent emotion that reveals the state of a person. Often, this emotion is uncontrollable because it is used to fee for what has been lost and creates positive and negative effects. Particularly, it is evident when expectations and goals are unfulfilled or do not meet reality. In Sophocless Oedipus the King and Shusaku Endos Silence, the protagonists experience petulance for reasons that differ. Sebastian Rodriguess non-acceptance towards others for their lack of moral values and dignity in concert with Oedipuss hubris and indignation bring a similar result of emotional change. lead by pride, s shows asperity towards those that he feels have the audacity to below the belt mistreat him. When Tiresias refuses to inform him of the murderer, Oedipus answers What, nothing? You miserable old man Youd drive a scar to fury. Do you still refuse? Your gra nitelike heart set in hopeless stubbornness (Sophocles 19). Through his questions, his fury is aroused. Old man (Sophocles 19) is a connotation to degrade Tiresias while the sway (Sophocles 19) is personified to erupt from anger due to his loathsomeness. Likewise, his heart is personified to be recreant for calculating together with a supposed assassin. After Tiresias divulges that Oedipus is guilty, Oedipus alleges, So this is what he wants, Creon the loyal, Creon so long my chum Stealing up to overthrow and snatch (Sophocles 22). accusing Creon through his sarcastic tone, positive adjectives such as loyal (Sophocles 22) and coadjutor (Sophocles 22) otherwise heightens a sense of betrayal. As he is unjustly surmised, chided and criminate as self-cen... ...d the possibilities are hindered by pride, and the most unexpected and impossible female genitalia occur. Frequently, people are oblivious to their own flaws by unknowingly belongings the same malfeasance and chiding othe rs. By judging others, they become the very verbalism and evil that they hate. Oedipuss anger, while incognizant about the entire plight, seems much(prenominal) justifiable than that of Rodrigues who continues criticizing people after having seen the entire perspective of the situation. He focuses on the narrower view rather than evaluating it as a whole. Both characters exhibit several(predicate) sides of anger and pose the question, what extent anger is justifiable? Perhaps the marrow that the authors intended to convey was that human beings are biased based on their limited point of view, and therefore fallible. This is an ongoing and innate flaw that we mustiness learn from. Oedipus Essay -- Literary Analysis, SophoclesAnger is expressed through a variety of reasons. Vague with many divisions and levels, it comprises of different types. Anger is a powerful emotion that reveals the state of a person. Often, this emotion is uncontrollable because it is used to touch on for what has been lost and creates positive and negative effects. Particularly, it is evident when expectations and goals are unfulfilled or do not meet reality. In Sophocless Oedipus the King and Shusaku Endos Silence, the protagonists experience anger for reasons that differ. Sebastian Rodriguess non-acceptance towards others for their lack of moral values and dignity together with Oedipuss hubris and indignation bring a similar result of emotional change. guide by pride, s shows asperity towards those that he feels have the audacity to unfairly mistreat him. When Tiresias refuses to inform him of the murderer, Oedipus answers What, nothing? You miserable old man Youd drive a stone to fury. Do you still refuse? Your flinty heart set in hopeless stubbornness (Sophocles 19). Through his questions, his anger is aroused. Old man (Sophocles 19) is a connotation to degrade Tiresias while the stone (Sophocles 19) is personified to erupt from anger due to his loathsomeness . Likewise, his heart is personified to be recreant for designing together with a supposed assassin. After Tiresias divulges that Oedipus is guilty, Oedipus alleges, So this is what he wants, Creon the loyal, Creon so long my friend Stealing up to overthrow and snatch (Sophocles 22). criminate Creon through his sarcastic tone, positive adjectives such as loyal (Sophocles 22) and friend (Sophocles 22) otherwise heightens a sense of betrayal. As he is unjustly surmised, chided and accuse as self-cen... ...d the possibilities are hindered by pride, and the most unexpected and impossible piece of ass occur. Frequently, people are oblivious to their own flaws by unknowingly guardianship the same malfeasance and chiding others. By judging others, they become the very font and evil that they hate. Oedipuss anger, while incognizant about the entire plight, seems more justifiable than that of Rodrigues who continues criticizing people after having seen the entire perspective of the sit uation. He focuses on the narrower view rather than evaluating it as a whole. Both characters exhibit different sides of anger and pose the question, what extent anger is justifiable? Perhaps the subject matter that the authors intended to convey was that human beings are biased based on their limited point of view, and therefore fallible. This is an ongoing and innate flaw that we must learn from.

Sumerian Culture :: essays research papers

magical spell researching Sumerian finale I learned manyinteresting things that I was not aware of before. Many littleknown facts about Sumer exit change the way that peoplefeel about new(prenominal) ancient societies. Many advances that arenot attributed to Sumeria, often were pioneered by thisadvanced culture long before others. Most people dont still know much about the origan of the Sumerian culture.The people who originally lived in Sumer in 4000 BC werenot really Sumerians. Sumers original inhabitants were in factUbaidians. The Ubaidian culture was already quite advancedfor that time, and had a large variety of unique do worktechniques. Between 4000 and 3000 BC Sumer wasinfiltrated by many nomadic tribes. This constant causeof peoples ca utilize a cross-fertilization of culture. Technologyfrom many different regions were becoming centralise inSumer. So were different theological viewpoints. During thismillennium the people that we trust of as Sumerians movedinto Sumer . These people originated near the Caspian seaand did not even arrive in Sumer until 3300 BC. When thesepeople ended up in Sumer it created the worlds commencement "highcivilization". All who lived in Sumer were now recognized asSumerian, because Sumerian was the common language.Sumer, like most early middle-eastern nations, was in the fat crescent. These small waterways provided excellantirrigation, and transport. Sumer was one of the firstlarge civilizations that had a very actual textile industry.Wool sheared from goats and sheep was made intogarments. The usage of linen was uncommunicative for only highpriests and other dignitaries. Flax and wool was used foreveryone else. Farming was alike a very predominantindustry in this nation. All of the entangled culture taught theSumerians about many different farming methods. Sicklesand other tools support in the farming. The harvested grain waspreserved in granaries and pots. This allowed grain to beshipped without foul up or molding. All of the waterways inSumeria allowed products to be shipped up and down riversto other destinations. One popular shipping method wascalled the "Turnip". The turnip was a buoy shaped boat thatwas attached to a long rope. The turnip would float along inthe water, while the merchant rode on ahorseback on a nearby road. Transportation methods increased in efficiency andnew types of them arrived during the Sumerian rule, forinstance, more types of boats were invented, and theSumerians introduced the sail to the world of travel. The wheel around was also first implemented in the Sumerian nation.When these advanced forms of transportation were notavailable, people still used donkeys with baskets strapped totheir sides. Iron working was used to create tools that aided

Catcher In The Rye :: Essays Papers

Catcher In The rye whiskeyOh literature, oh the glorious Art, how it preys upon the warmheartedness in our bones. It scoops the stuffing out of us and chucks us aside (David Herbert Lawrence). Well-written working of literature have the undeniable ability to kidnap readers, carry them international into the storys imaginary world, and hold the reader for ransom, away from a world where they may not be anticipating the return. This type of literary manage is scarce in todays fast-paced society. One is submitted into a fantasy, in which opinions and ideas about the characters and situations expand beyond all possibilities. Literature acts as a valuable aid for self-growth it nourishes intellect, cheers one up, or relaxes mind and spirit. Nikki Giovanni asks the question, perpetually been kidnaped/by a poet (Giovanni 346). If one has not yet been enriched by this expression, the arcanum must be unveiled. To say that I have experienced this feeling from only one piece of l iterature would prove a heavy(p) injustice to my literary history. There have been countless moments in my lifetime where I have left time and place to enter a world created by the author, but perfected by my own interpretations and impressions. The literary work that stands out most my mind is The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger. This is one of the most absorbing novels I had the privilege to read. The plat of this story concerns a young man, Holden Caulfield, being expelled from one of a grand list of schools. The intriguing part of this story is how he perceives and understands his own military personnel condition. He experiences unexplained depression and erratic behavior, which leads to an eventual nervous division in a world he views as invaded by faux adults who corrupt innocent children. The title is justified when Holden is talking to his little sister. She asks what he wants to be when he grows up. He asks her if shes ever heard the breed If a body catc h a body comin through the rye. He continuesI keep picturing these little kids playing nearly peppy in this big field of rye and all. Thousands of little kids, and nobodys around-nobody big, I mean-except me. And Im standing on the edge of some crazy cliff.

Whats Normal Whats A Freak :: essays research papers

Whats prescript Whats a fruitcakeI ask a question, as the denomination of my paper, in hopes of relaying a point. No whiz for sure knows what the answers to these questions are. Im sure I dont, but I do have my own judgements as to what the answers may be. I have friends that say they are design. just, what else would they know. Ive been called every subject from a witch to a freak personally Im proud to be called that. It shows that I am distinct from them. Everyone is antithetical in our society. There are no definitions for either of these questions so why try and answer them. Most mess believe in one main thing and that is them selves.     People say and do things that near muckle dont like, that prove we are all incompatible. Yet some people say when asked if they are normal they say Yes. Then asked their definition of normal and they say "themselves". I asked one such person those both questions quondam(prenominal) asked him if the guy sitting near him was normal and he responded Yes. But, that struck a cord for me. I stated that he wasnt him. How could he be normal, he wasnt you? He had no good response for that. I asked other people and they answered the same way. But, you tell me what is normal and how do you come to this answer. In the past Ive been called a freak, sometimes they even said a freak of nature. But what do they know what a freak is. Their is no such thing as a freak. Some people would say a freak that is different. But, isnt that everyone? Any one person who says that a freak is someone who is different then they just called their best friend or their parents freaks. And no one likes to be around a freak, right in most peoples minds freaks are the metal heads, outcasts, and every single person that is different or doesnt incur their standers. We all are different, instead of scrutinizing and making fun of everyone else for being different why not look into yourselves and see what is the same between you two and see if you can see them in a different view. tackle it from someone who never has had a chance in her life until this yr to be herself. I tried so hard to be fiber of something I wasnt.