'Inductively Coupled Plasma – Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Essay\r'

'The aim of this practical was to exercising an ICP-OES to per mold a multi- elemental analysis of dissimilar character references of tea. The elements that were analysed in the tea were copper, iron, manganese and magnesium.\r\nThe smack is introduced into the germ plasm as an aerosol. Argon flatulence flows through three concentric vitreous silica tubes in the plasma torch. This argon plash transports the judge from the nebulizer, acts as a cool torpedo and is also a denotation of electrons and ions for the plasma [1]. A magnetic survey is created around the plasma torch. The ionisation carry bring out is started by the ignition of the argon gas from a spark produced by a tesla coil [1]. During this bear upon the plasma reaches a very high gear temperature and the sample is atomised.\r\nThe atoms ar thence excited to a higher(prenominal) state. Since this is an emission analysis, the analysis is performed as the atoms hap energy and return to a trim down energy state or their understanding state. A spectrometer or monochromator is apply to select the wavelength that is being analysed. The multi-element detector then gives us a readout that can be understand for each element that is analysed pardon the benefits and limitations of plasma over a effected flame used for FES with photometry and AAS. The benefits of development plasma ar that the chemical interferences atomic number 18 decreased due to the high temperatures that the plasma reaches and refractory elements can also sustain excitation.\r\nThere are also more wavelength for diverse that can be chosen for analysis so you don’t have two elements that have wavelengths that are close to each another(prenominal) as this would interfere with the analysis. A limitation is that spectral overlap can occur and the dressing of the samples is a very long process compared to that of the flame spectrometry\r\nData\r\n visual aspect the calculations for you multi-element c ommonplace.\r\nInstrument: Perkin Elmer OES (optima 5300 DV)\r\nThe preparation of multi-element standard nose candy0ppm solutions of (Cu), (Fe),(Mg) and (Mn ) were given. A working standard solution containing the whole four elements was prepared in the following way; 1 ml, 10 ml and 5 ml of Fe, Mg, and Mn were one by one added in one 100 ml volumetric flaskful. A solution of Cu was prepared separately (intermediate solution) by placing 1 ml of the 1000ppm Cu solution in a 100 ml volumetric flask and made up to the blade with distilled water, the resulting submerging was 10ppm. The formula that was used to figure out the volume of the 1000ppm Cu solution needed to prepare 10ppm solution in a 100 ml volumetric flask is; C1V1 = C2V2 …… equation 1\r\nWhere C1 is the sign submergence\r\nC2 is the final concentration\r\nV1 is the volume of the initial concentration\r\nV2 is the total volume of the initial concentration and the solvent The volume of the atomic num ber 56 required was calculated as follows\r\nC1V1 = C2V2\r\n1000ppm x V1 = 1ppm x 100ml\r\nV1 = 10 ppm x 100 ml\r\n1000 ppm\r\n= 1 ml\r\nThen 1 ml of the 10 ppm Cu solution was placed in the 100 ml volumetric flask that contained the other three elements, and made up to the mark with distilled water, this was the working standard solution. exploitation equation 1 it is found that the concentrations of the elements in the working standard solution are as follows.\r\nExplain why the type of sample preparation carried out was necessary. The venomous digestion was suitable because a complete interchange of analyte into the solution in order for the design step to be introduced in still form is highly desirable and this regularity completely transfers the analyte into solution. This thus means that the digested sample is a complete solution of the analyte and has a complete decomposition of the matrix provided with minimal loss or polluted of the analyte Explain what matrix dupl icate is and what problems whitethorn arise if this is not carried out.\r\nMatrix matching involves preparing solutions in which the major chemical compositions of the standards, blanks and samples are made identical thereby cancelling out the effect of the sample matrix on the analysis results. While matrix matching involves matching the solvents, it also involves matching the concentrations of acids and other major solutes. In case where the standard and sample matrices are quite different or cannot be matched and interference occurs as a result, internal standards can be used.\r\nComment on the correlativity coefficient of your calibration graphs. The correlation coefficient measures the strength in the one-dimensional race between two variables. A correlation coefficient of 1 would mean a very strong linear relationship between two variables, which means the points form a perfect straight line. The correlation coefficients for the calibration graphs were very good. The cali bration graphs for copper, iron, magnesium, and manganese gave correlation coefficients of 0.991539, 0.991005, 0.999874, and 0.999952 respectively. This shows that the samples were prepared very healthy and that there is a strong linear relationship between the emission and the\r\nconcentrations of the elements. oppose the different elements in the different types of tea. Which tea would you recommend and why? The tea that seems to be most essential for human exercise is the green tea owing to the high content of each and every element present in it. It has high concentration of manganese which is a vital cognitive content in the body as it is an enzyme activator; it keeps mug up strong and healthy, and also maintains the health of our nerves. References\r\n1. Dr L Pillay, Chem 340, Instrumental Analysis, ICP-OES notes 2. http:// www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=nutrint& dbod=77(accessed 16/04/2013) 3. http://www.chemplex.com/petrochemical/multielementMetal.aspx(accessed 1 6/04/2013)\r\n'