Magical Realism and the Sublime in The Circular Ruins Essay example --

sorcerous Realism and the marvelous in The visor Ruins Among the publicy forgetful stories that the Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges has written, The peak Ruins was published in 1964 in a sight of his works empower Labyrinths Selected Stories & Other Writings. Even though The Circular Ruins whitethorn be classified ad as a magical Realist text, one whitethorn wonder if this short story could be classified as the deluxe as well. By examining The Circular Ruins, a contributor will be able to get a line several similarities between witching(prenominal) Realism and the inflated. Of course, the stolon step in deciding whether or not The Circular Ruins is a type of the terrific is to look at some of the characteristics of the exalted. For instance, one of the characteristics of the Sublime is that it causes the feeling of transcendence, which doer that the reader feels as if or she is rooted in the world but, at the same time, senses something that is beyond the wo rld (Sandner 52). By development the element of intakes in The Circular Ruins, transcendence is experienced by not only if the reader but the main character, too. With the specific purpose to reverie a man and insert him into veridicality, the main character travels to circular ruins to sleep (Borges 46). After he finally accomplishes his purpose, the main character discovers that he himself is only the result of mortal elses imagination (Borges 50). As a result, the reader may wonder if he or she, like the main character, is just the dream of someone else. Therefore, musical composition the character and the reader may feel as if they are real human beings, they may begin to feel as if they are complex quantity human beings, which is the sense of something beyond the world. How does this feeling o... ...k P, 1986. Borges, Jorge Luis. The Circular Ruins. Labyrinths Selected Stories & Other Writings. Ed. Donald A. Yates and mob E. Irby. New York New Directions, 1964. 45-5 0. Faris, Wendy B. Scheherazades Children Magical Realism and postmodernist Fiction. Magical Realism. Theory, History, Community. Ed. Lois Parkinson Zamora and Wendy B. Faris. Durham, N.C. Duke UP, 1995. 163-186. Flores, Angel. Magical Realism in Spanish American Fiction. Magical Realism. Theory, History, Community. Ed. Lois Parkinson Zamora and Wendy B. Faris. Durham, N.C. Duke UP, 1995. 109-116. Longinus. On the Sublime. Cambridge Harvard UP, 1995. Sandner, David. The monstrous Sublime. Westport, C.T. Greenwood P, 1996. Schaffer, Barbara Joan. The Circular Ruins. 23 January 2001 <http//www.themodernword.com/borges/borges_paper_schaffer.html>. Magical Realism and the Sublime in The Circular Ruins Essay example -- Magical Realism and the Sublime in The Circular Ruins Among the many short stories that the Argentinian writer Jorge Luis Borges has written, The Circular Ruins was published in 1964 in a collection of his works entitled Labyrinths Selected Stori es & Other Writings. Even though The Circular Ruins may be classified as a Magical Realist text, one may wonder if this short story could be classified as the Sublime as well. By examining The Circular Ruins, a reader will be able to see several similarities between Magical Realism and the Sublime. Of course, the first step in deciding whether or not The Circular Ruins is a type of the Sublime is to look at some of the characteristics of the Sublime. For instance, one of the characteristics of the Sublime is that it causes the feeling of transcendence, which means that the reader feels as if or she is rooted in the world but, at the same time, senses something that is beyond the world (Sandner 52). By using the element of dreams in The Circular Ruins, transcendence is experienced by not only the reader but the main character, too. With the specific purpose to dream a man and insert him into reality, the main character travels to circular ruins to sleep (Borges 46). After he finally accomplishes his purpose, the main character discovers that he himself is only the result of someone elses imagination (Borges 50). As a result, the reader may wonder if he or she, like the main character, is just the dream of someone else. Therefore, while the character and the reader may feel as if they are real human beings, they may begin to feel as if they are imaginary human beings, which is the sense of something beyond the world. How does this feeling o... ...k P, 1986. Borges, Jorge Luis. The Circular Ruins. Labyrinths Selected Stories & Other Writings. Ed. Donald A. Yates and James E. Irby. New York New Directions, 1964. 45-50. Faris, Wendy B. Scheherazades Children Magical Realism and Postmodern Fiction. Magical Realism. Theory, History, Community. Ed. Lois Parkinson Zamora and Wendy B. Faris. Durham, N.C. Duke UP, 1995. 163-186. Flores, Angel. Magical Realism in Spanish American Fiction. Magical Realism. Theory, History, Community. Ed. Lois Parkinson Zamora and Wendy B. Faris. Durham, N.C. Duke UP, 1995. 109-116. Longinus. On the Sublime. Cambridge Harvard UP, 1995. Sandner, David. The Fantastic Sublime. Westport, C.T. Greenwood P, 1996. Schaffer, Barbara Joan. The Circular Ruins. 23 January 2001 <http//www.themodernword.com/borges/borges_paper_schaffer.html>.

Types of Thermometer

Different types of thermometers Galileo thermometer. AGalileo thermometer(orGalilean thermometer), named after Italian physicistGalileo Galilei, is athermometermade of a sealedglass cylindercontaining a clearliquidand a series of objects whose densities are such that they jump off or fall as the temperature changes. By definition, Galileos thermometer is actually a thermoscope, not a thermometer. Gas thermometer A splosh thermometermeasurestemperatureby the variation in flashiness or pressure of a bobble.One common apparatus is a constant volume thermometer. It consists of a bulb connected by acapillary tubeto amanometer. The bulb is filled with a gas such that the volume of the gas in the bulb remains constant. The volume is related to temperature by k, known as Charless Law. The pressure of the gas in the bulb sight be obtained by measuring the level difference in the two arms of the manometer. Gas thermometers are a great deal used to calibrate otherthermometers. Alcohol ther mometerTheAlcohol thermometeror look thermometeris an alternative to the quicksilver-in-glass thermometer, and functions in a similar way. But unlike atomic number 80-in-glass thermometer, the confine of an alcohol thermometer are less toxic and will evaporate outdoor(a) fairly quickly. For the working temperature range, themeniscusor interface between the liquid is inwardly the capillary. With increasing temperature, the volume of liquid expands and themeniscusmoves up the capillary. The position of themeniscusshows the temperature against an carve scale. Infrared thermometerInfrared thermometersinfertemperatureusing a portion of thethermal radiationsometimes calledblackbody radiationemitted by the object of measurement. Theyre sometimes calledlaser thermometersif alaseris used to help aim the thermometer, ornon-contact thermometersto describe the devices ability to measure temperature from a distance. By knowing the amount of infrared energy emitted by the object and itsemis sivity, the objects temperature can be determined most of the time. Mercury thermometer A quicksilver-in-glass thermometer, is athermometerconsisting ofmercuryin aglasstube.Calibrated marks on the tube take on thetemperatureto be read by the length of the mercury within the tube, which varies (nearly linearly) consort to the temperature of the mercury. To increase the sensitivity, there is usually a bulb of mercury at the end of the thermometer which contains most of the mercury expansion and contraction of this volume of mercury is then amplified in the much narrower bore of the tube. The space above the mercury may be filled withnitrogenor it may be less than atmospheric pressure, which is normally known as avacuum.

Organizational Behavior and Design Essay

Leadership exists in both noble and in orb fashion. b whole leading is defined by Byrnes (2003, p. 160) as lead by a manager who has been granted the buckram power or secure to command. Formal countenance in this sense path those elements that automatically come with leaders perhaps a title, an office, a budget, the right to make decisions, a preparedness of subordinates, a reporting relationship, and so on.Formal leaders are appointed or take to lead the base by virtue of such characteristics as their sight in the transcription and their interest or expertise in relation to the groups focus. A formal leader is i who possesses organizational authority to take and control the activities of subordinates. The individual issues orders and instructions to his subordinates by virtue of his formal authority within the organization. The formal leader is responsible and accountable to those who bring on elective him in a formal way.At the managerial or executive level, this reputation asserts that formal leading is not continuously necessary at least, the execution of formal authority by the leader must always count on on the situation. The main reason behind this assertion is that formal leadership strategies that carry out perceived improvements do not always generate a common vision among leadership groups. Nor does formal leadership always establish or follow guidelines for carrying out improvements.For instance, Durk Jager, former Procter & adenylic acid Gamble (P&G) CEO, has many traits of a good manager and whitethorn have managed P&G well during his time precisely he was not seen by those whom he managed as being the leader. This guinea pig just implies that formal authority is not the sole basis of leadership in part because leadership relationships are based on supernumerary resources other than authority, like expertise and inter soulfulnessal skills. The formal leader cannot depend solely on the use of formal authority becau se subordinates seldom hurl maximum effort under the pressure of authority.Being a palmy businessperson or manager does not make a person a good leader. Just because someone is assigned a formal leadership role does not guarantee that the person willing be the only leader of the group, or will become impressive in the said role, as evidenced in the aforementioned example. A diadem level manager like Jager that has considerable authority but lacked leadership qualities is likely to be less effective than a supervisor with smallish authority but a high degree of qualities.People in formal leadership positions whitethorn wield force or authority using only their position and the resources and power that come with it, but neer get the cooperation that people who exercise both formal and inner leadership at the same time. Informal leadership can be worth(predicate) assets to an organizations formal leadership, and they can use their influence to tempt with the goals of the orga nization. In this light, giving managers formal authority is less important than ensuring that their expertise, creativity, inaugural and interpersonal skills infuse organizational improvement efforts.Further, while some open-minded formal leaders believe in their own importance, seeing themselves as central to the health of the organization, they do not always regard it as essential that they review either their role or organizational convictions. Furthermore, stringently formal organizations can seldom define all the possible variations of debt instrument and personal interaction to be expected of all members in all situations. Nevertheless, organizations appear to be founded upon a basic system of stable expectations regarding first derivative responsibilities and relationships among the members.This is not a one-way process. That is, it is not the organization alone which sets up role expectations for its members. The members set up expectations for each other and for the o rganization as a whole. Moreover, while group members can agree upon which members hold the position of leader, the inconsistencies between such agreement and the attempts to evaluate leadership in ground of group productivity is evidently due to a low correlation between actually influential behavior and formal leadership status.In conclusion, it would be highly beneficial for an organization if members think of leadership as a behavior, not a formal role, as it will cast up the cap strength for leadership behaviors to all organizational members and call for a switch in how the organization approaches leadership development, which then should focus beyond managers or future managers to include all organizational members. Such a whim of leadership does not require that the functions of leadership be vested in one person.Any person who influences the group is playing a leaders role and in this sense several individuals may be viewed as leaders at different times. In this paper, it is accepted that leadership may shift among group members depending upon the situations confronted by the group. Formal leaders, then, are office holders elected to play the most influential roles most of the time. The informal or effective leaders are the individuals who in fact do play the most influential roles most of the time.Those in formal leadership positions may have final authority, but others, within their own more constrained domains, will still need to draw on virtually the same set of leader attributes. These other leaders support the organizational leadership and slide by the reach of those in formal leadership positions. Their leadership is manifest by means of their ability to work effectively with others, derive consensus, take initiative, question, and propose. These forms of participation in leadership are rarely considered as leadership per se, especially from traditional (i. . , narrow) perspectives.Rather than viewing leadership as the province of a some elites that have formal leadership role designations, an alternative perspective of this paper views leadership as an outcome of effective social structures and processes. It is the aggregate ability to create shared work that is meaningful to people and to add look on to an organization. From this latter perspective, everyone can and should participate in both formal and informal leadership.

Nike: a Multinational Company in China

Nike A Multinational Company in mainland mainland china Nike is one of the largest athletic shoe brands in the world and sells millions of shoes and turn each year. The conjunction was founded on January 25, 1964 by a University of Oregon introduce athlete Philip Knight and his coach Bill Bowermanas. It was set-back named Blue ribbon Sports and it officially became Nike, Inc. on May 30, 1978 (Nike). As a multinational company, it operates sell stores domestically and overseas and all of the merchandises it sells are manufactured by self-sustaining letors located predominantly in foreign countries.Nike first entered the international food market through mainland China overcoming the many challenges it faced while trying to do business with them. Nike has no involvement in the manufacturing of its products and all of its production has been outsourced, in the main to manufacturers based in low-wage countries. In 1980, Nike created its first joint- judge with the Peoples Rep ublic of China (Nike Inc. ). It entered into the emerging economy just after the country rose from the turmoil of the pagan Revolution.In James Austins case study of Nike in China, he described Nikes entry strategy into China to be truly difficult and found the Chinese government almost impenetrable to do business with. To gain entrance into the tough country Nike hired David Ping-Ching Chang, who was in the beginning from China, as a consultant to help arrange a spread over between them (Austin 34). Chang had the experience and knew the language and customs that it would take to create a happy agreement. The first thing they set out to do was salvage a proposal to the Chinese government outlining their objectives and the benefits their joint venture would contain to China.Chang was familiar with how the Chinese performed business transactions and used that as an advantage to get their foot in Chinas tightly closed door. The Chinese are relationship-orientated and to them a transaction is non save business. subsequently writing a very well written proposal translated in Chinese stating how Nike was committed to long-term business with China, they received an invitation to start negotiations. study problems arose between the two when China demanded for more control, pricing, and rights to each factory (Austin 35).The Chinese felt that Nike was trying to take advantage of them when Nike would not allow them such(prenominal) control. The Chinese became was very close to ending any negotiations they had hold upon hardly luckily settled on an agreement. Nikes primary objective was to try out the means by which they would buy a finished shoe product from the Peoples Republic of China, as written in their submitted business proposal (Austin 29). more or less of Nikes other aims Austin describes in his case study were a target goal of 100,000 pair of shoes per month in the first phase and growth to 1,000,000 pair per month.Five months after their in itial offer, a contract was signed and shoe production began by October 1981. Nikes joint venture with China promised lower costs because of their cheap labor and high production. However, by 1984 production had only reached about 150,000 pairs per month instead of the 1,000,000 they had previously agreed on. During the 1990s, another problem Nike faced during its joint-venture in China was the bad running(a) conditions and low wages at their factories.Nike was accused of profiting from sweatshop labor that included babe labor, physical abuse from factory managers and exposure to dangerous chemicals. They originally denied claims against them however, in an article published by AllBusiness online in 2001, Nike director Todd McKean stated that since Nike does not own the factories in China, we dont control what goes on there. This brought a major uproar in the media and along with it came campaigns of human rights groups who would endorse only companies who use sweat-free labor.Ac cording to Business Week Magazine, when Nike began to see protests from factory workers they decided to ultimately make a change and monitor working conditions in factories that gain their products. They hired independent auditors to make sure subcontractors used by the company follow Nikes code of conduct (Hill 152). Although Nike faced many challenges with their joint-venture, China gained some advantages with doing business with Nike. Nike donated equipment to schools and paid them to open up after-school run around teams for children.In 1995, Nike sponsored all the Chinese pro-basketball league teams and provided uniforms and shoes for them. Another benefit China received was the outsourcing of jobs into their country (Sports). Granting, the sweatshops were an enormous mistake that Nike should have never let occur, they have corrected the problem and it has produced over 500,000 jobs in China alone. Nike is instantaneously working with the Xiaochen Hotline Program in China t o provide training on their labor laws and to improve workers accessibility to the hotline (Dutton).Nike is a not bad(predicate) example of a multinational company that faced major challenges accounting entry the emerging economy of China in 1980. Nike was confronted with problems while negotiating business with China and also during the actual manufacturing in their facilities. Even with such problems there came advantages to two countries China acquired many jobs and Nike experienced lower costs that lead to higher(prenominal) sales. Nike and China have turned out to be a successful joint-venture and should continue to advance if both take into consideration each others needs.

Break Even Analysis

The above breakeven analysis of for each one changeable displays the combination of the variables that get out in a break-even position for the Beta regorge at ABC Corporation. For example, the 6% sales growth rate would result in a break-even for the picture if the operating expenses grow at 8%. Other ratios ar derived from sales and operating expenses so that their growth judge are also reflective of the unfavorable rates below these rates, the break-even would be violated.The forecasts of the variables depict the estimates made by ABC Corporation for each of the variables in the context of market information and judgment. In this case, all of the set are above the tiny value thus it has to be re-calculated whether the combination results in a break-even or not. For example, the operating expenses growth rate increased by 46. 7% while sales growth rate was up by only 14. 3%. The balancing factors have to re-evaluated in order to extrapolate whether the break-even is ac hieved or not.This can be done by adding up the values in the %change column assigning a positive to sales/revenue increases and a negative to cost heads. b. Which variables are most critical to the succeeder of the beta project? (2 points) There are two methods of perspicacity the critical factors to the success of this project one would be to compare the critical values of the different variables while the other would be find the variances of each of the percentage changes in the values of different variables.Following the first method, it would lead to the consequence that the gross profit margin is the most critical factor having a 28% critical value. Following the second method, the operating expenses would be the most critical variable. The justification for each of the methods stands valid in their grounds. However, for this project, it would be more than suitable to state that the operating expenses is the most critical factor followed well-nigh by the base sales for 2 008 and then the gross profit margin. c. wherefore would it be helpful to know which variables are most critical to the success of the project?(5 points) Projects often fail when managers and controllers spend time and money on processes covering variables that are of little importance. Understanding the critical factors of a project helps project managers to focus on the processes that are relatively more great and achieve targets that would satisfy the critical limits of the variables. Essentially speaking, critical variables should be cognize in order to recognize decisions as the project progresses and decide where and when to make changes that would affect the critical variables (and how will it affect the

Revolution Politically Considered Essay

The word Maccabean comes from Judas Maccabeus, the leader of the Judaic repulse against Syria which took brand from 167 160 B. C. E. In second Maccabees 15 v 30 he is depictd as The perfect champion of his fellow citizens. The history is preserve in the Apocryphal Biblical passwords Ist and 2nd Maccabees, the sources written closest in time to the up to nowts and to a lesser extent by the Jewish initiatory century C. E. historian Flavius Josephus in his Antiquities ( Books XII and XIII) who wrote some 200 days later.Martin Cohen ( The Hasmonean rotation Politically Considered,1975, page 21) describes all three of authors, those of the Maccabean books and Josephus, as organism overly partisan and seems to be saying that the so called sinners werent as black as they be painted. Some might say further that his article is in danger of going too far the some other way in parts. The name means hammer and was used to describe Judas immense strength. It was then taken as a nam e by his brothers, two of whom succeeded him, and other followers.The conflict had been stirred when, later on a termination of increasing Hellenisation, Syrian getr Antiochus IV Epiphanes gave orders forbidding certain Jewish customs and practices and turned the Temple into a shrine for the pagan god Zeus the idol the Jews refer to as the abomination of desecration mentioned in Daniel 11. Judas Maccabeus and his followers incited a revolt. In 164 B. C. E they were able to regain make of the Temple, which was then cleansed and rededicating to the God of Israel. To this day Jews celebrate the feast of Hanukkah to recall these events.The story ends with the death of Nicanor in 2 Maccabeans 15 and also the idea of dedicating a special day to its remembrance- the thirtieth day of the twelfth month. The use of the menorah, the 7 branched candlestick, is a reminder of the same events. Members of Judas family, the Hasmoneans, go along to rule in Israel until the Romans arrived in f orce in 63 B. C. E. Ist Maccabees was originally written in Hebrew, but that version is now lost and the text used is taken from the Hellenic Septuagint.The book is set in the period of Greek rule and covers the period of revolt from 175 to 134 B. C. However it also describes how many Hebrews truly welcomed the coming of Greek customs, even to the extent of trying to pass themselves run into as Greeks. In 1st Maccabees 1 v 15 the generator tells how some were trying to hide the marks of circumcism i. e. the very mark of their Jewishness. In 2nd Maccabees the events be again related, but this time seemingly with the objective of showing Gods continued care for his people.It begins by spine Alexandrian Jews to keep the feast of Hanukkah and looks back at the events that led up to the inaugural celebration. At the same time it castigates several people the classic Jewish priests, in particular including High Priest Jason who was said to contrive sent money for statue of Herak les, something Martin Cohen ( Page 15 ) sees as a reward rather than as a genuine go intoation because of creed.. Robert Doran ( 2006, The revolt of the Maccabees) looked for diachronic similarities and likened it to the modern day insurgency in Iraq.He tells how for the first years of Seleucid rule there were no major(ip) problems amongst the two groups. He describes the main problem as being about Jewish indistinguishability and who controls that definition. He makes the point that some would non fill considered Jason to be a Jew at all, whereas he, as Jewish high priest, presumably did. He cites twentieth century Jewish scholars Elias Bickermann and Victor Tchenikover who put the blame not on the Seleucids, but upon the Jewish leaders of the time.While I Maccabees blames the Seleucid leader, it has been pointed out by scholars such as Otto Morkholm (Antiochus IV of Syria, 1966) that in general he back up local cultures. The writer of 2nd Maccabees blames the institution of Greek education, even though there were a number of years between the initiative of the Greek school and the revolt. The truth seems to be that when a villager from Modein, the Hasmonean home town, went to make sacrifices, Mattathias, the arrest of Judas, struck him with his sword.The family then fled, but also began a campaign of throwing overmaster the pagan alters that they found and killing those who opposed what they felt was right. By the opening of 2nd Maccabees the father had died and it is Judas who is leading the conversionaries. There are other major differences between the accounts, namely with regard to fighting on the Sabbath. This happens in the first book, but not in the second. According to Doran, in what seems to be a quite objective account ( page 107), upon the death of Antiochus his successor seems, to obtain let the matter stand, with the Hasmoneans in charge in capital of Israel.However the revolution was spreading to other areas. Jerusalem became the center for a general revolt against Seleucid rule. In 162 B. C. E. Judas finally lost control of the Temple area and was killed. Josephus describes in the opening words of his second book about the period, (Antiquities of the Jews, Book 13) how, after the death of Judus Maccabeus all the wicked, and those that transgressed the laws of their forefathers, sprang up again in Judea. And so the battles continued under advanced leadership.However soon after this the Seleucid Empire began to rumple because of its own internal divisiveness and Simon, brother of Judas, was able to expel the Seleucids. He was accepted as high priest of Judea in 140 B. C. E. So what had begun as a religious protest ended up as the land for an independent kingdom at last for a while. Martin Cohen took a new look at the events portrayed in the scriptures. He sees it as more than as an internal fight among Jews as a revolt against distant rule.He states (page 26) that Antiochus believed that no Jewish gro up was capable of holding the peace. He had trouble elsewhere and this is why he came graduate hard, turning Jerusalem into a fortress and he also removed the power of the Jewish constitution. This turned many into revolutionaries. If they had no Jewish law how could they be Jewish? Cohen describes how the revolt has often been viewed as a class struggle between the Hellenistic rulers and the ordinary people, despite the fact that there seems to have been locoweed roots support of Hellenisation.The Maccabees were not just non Hellenistic however, they were totally anti Hellenistic, not just for themselves, but for Judaism as such. Cohen points out that the two accounts are both conflicting and inadequate and that the facts cited by Jewish historian Josephus dont add a great deal to historic knowledge. He also describes how the Jewish Hellenistic aristocracy were very small in number. If they had not had popular support then the Selucid would have had to come down hard. Right from the beginning.The priests concerned are condemned in passages such as 2nd Maccabees 4 v 11 and 14. In the former passage they are accused of adding to the Pentateuch. The Pentateuch was scripture, but it was also the basis for all Jewish life. At the time of the revolution religion and politics, as far as the Jewish people were concerned were one and the same thing. But the Hellenistic Jews did not deny Judaism and the priests amongst them continued with their sacrificial roles, which they do not seem to have considered as being in opposition to their Hellenistic practices.Conclusion some(prenominal) the truth of the matter regarding the origins of the revolt and wherever the true blame should lie, essentially this was about preserving Judaism as it had been for hundred of years and was about defining what is a Jew an argument that can still be seen to be going on, even if sometimes in silence, in the differences to be observed daily in the 21st century between those who call th emselves Orthodox Jews and others of the same faith and race, believers and otherwise. Works CitedBible, King James, 2nd Maccabees, Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia twelfth may 2010, Libraryhttp//etext. virginia. edu/toc/modeng/public/Kjv2Mac. html Bible, Revised Standard Version, Ist Maccabees, National Council of Churches of Christ in America 12th May 2010, http//quod. lib. umich. edu/cgi/r/rsv/rsv-idx? type=DIV1&byte=4219672 Cohen Martin, The Hasmonean Revolution Politically Considered Outline of a New Interpretation, The Journal of the Central gathering of American Rabbis , (Fall 1975 ) 13-34Doran , Robert, The Revolt of the Maccabees The National Interest ( September October 2006)99, 100 Josephus , Antiquities of the Jews , Book XII ,12th May 2010, http//www. ccel. org/j/josephus/works/ant-12. htm Josephus , Antiquities of the Jews , Book XIII 12th May 2010 http//www. ccel. org/j/josephus/works/ant-13. htm Morkholm, Otto, Antiochus IV of Syria, Classica et M ediaevalia Dissertationes VIII, Copenhagen. 1966

Change over Time: Latin America

From 1450 to the present, religious beliefs and practices in Latin America changed in that universality and a blend of religions began to be seen throughout Latin America, save continued in that animistic and nature religions still remained. Changes in Latin American religious ideologies are easily seen from 1450 to the present day. A young religion entered their society. With the disco really of the new world in 1492 by Columbus, numerous more conquistadors and explorers would come to colonize and explore the new world.Also, a assemblage of people called the Jesuits came to the new world. The imbue of Catholicism really began in the 1600s by the Jesuits who controlled much of Latin America at this time, and gave modified privileges to those converted. As this was happening Catholicism was being diffused into the society of Latin Americans. However, because the people were so deeply rooted in Indian finishing nonesuch worship remained. Another change was that a blend of so me(prenominal) Catholicism and animistic religion was being formed in Latin America.For example, in modern day Mexico, even though they are Catholic, there are legends and stories that talk about El Tio, the God of the Mine, he is supposed to cling to the miners from harm in the mine. Another example, is black magic which began to form in the Caribbean. Because Indians were so deeply rooted in their culture, blending of Catholicism and their culture within religion happened. There were also continuities in religion during this time.First, umpteen animistic and nature religions still continued to play a major(ip) role in Latin American societies. The Latin American societies quick supported Catholicism, but held on to their traditional beliefs. One reason they held on to their beliefs was because it was all they had known for hundreds of years, and people who have done something for a very long time are not just going to result up and change it, because it is part of their everyd ay life.Also, they did not see a need to bump up their animistic beliefs no one was forcing them to give them up. There was only an advantage to joining the Catholic church, because the Jesuits would give you special access to missions, and the opportunity for learning. Similar processes to those seen here were also obvious in Sub-Saharan Africa, seeing as the Europeans colonized and explored there too. Christianity also spread to Sub-Saharan Africa and became a major belief system in both societies even over their animistic beliefs and polytheism.

Ansell Condoms Case Study Essay

Question 2 What ar the pros and cons for Ansell acquiring a atomic sum 63an competitor? In your opinion, is it a good root word? ProsAnsell forget be able to get a greater share of the mart in Europe. Acquiring a new company in Europe volition help to build their portfolio. They should be able to amplification their number of recognisable brands. Ansell will be able to acquire the new companies breathing contracts and contacts. It will help to create a reduction of overcapacity in the industry. outgrowth sales/revenue.ConsIt was mentioned that the companies that Ansell are thinking about taking over are in some financial difficulty at the moment so Ansell will deliver to take on that difficulty. There is an increased interchange of job cuts.It will be hard for Ansell so see all told of the hidden liabilities the company may possess. Ansell will more than likely have to pay goodwill for the acquisition.ConclusionOverall in my opinion it would be a good idea for Ansell to tr y and acquire a European competitor because although there is some financial risk and it could be a difficult process I think that the pros that I mentioned above will outweigh the potential cons. Ansell will need to get a dodge in place to make sure that the takeover goes as smoothly as possible.Learning Points* Condom market is extremely competitiveThis campaign study shows us that the condom market is extremely competitive with atomic number 23 main companies competing with each other and a large number of littler companies continually trying to gain a greater market share.* acquirement of European competitor good for AnsellIt would be a good idea for Ansell to take over one of their smaller European competitors to try and increase their market share and increase their number of recognisable brands around the world.

Potential Hazards Essay

Relating to the physical environment If you were in a concern mountain e.g. Residential family, and the ventilation stop working, or was non working as it should do. For example if whatsoever of the residents had an nausea that could be passed on through air, then the probability is that alto exhausther the residents and likewise module would end up with the illness this is an acquired infection.Equipment If you were in a care nursing mansion for elderly people and they couldnt use their legs or issue forth up from sitting down you would read to use a bring up to help them up which is more time consuming, barely it is against the law to puff out lift them onto their feet. Therefore that is why cater meet to use hoists, if a member of staff treasured to use the hoist to help soul up and it was broken this would be short maintained and this could result in injury.Infections If you were in a hospital and people were yieldn certain consumeles, and they was non stick outting habituated of properly readles and all in all sharps are meant to be sell of correctly in a yellow sealed box, if the withdrawles wasnt disposed of properly this would be an become to danger and also threatenous waste. If they were not disposed of properly and were left(p) lying about and some single accidently got injected with unitary of the used needles then this could cause an infection.Substances In a care setting everything should always be clean for health and expertty reasons, if a scrubbed had been in and was bleaching the toilets and forgot to put the bleach back after cleaning them and one of the patients or residents went to use the toilet and seen the bleach they qualification have wino the bleach which this chemical could cause chemical burns to the throat which is expose to danger.Working conditions In a residential home sometimes they sess be short staffed, which could idle words staff to be overtired from the extra shifts, it could als o make the staff rush and not be following all the procedures properly, not working to their best ability and also rushing their notes  end-to-end the day this could cause psychological distress to members of staff.Working practices If you we were in a residential care home the would have to keep the doors and windows locked downstairs so they know who is going in and out of the induce for security system purposes, this security systems is authentically effective, but on the negative side this could result in evil of time. For example if the home caught fire and the fire fighters needed to get into the building and quickly as possible to get people out of the building having the doors and windows locked is going to waste time, this also could cause injury.Security Systems In a residential home in that location would have to be CCTV close to the outside of all doors and so you can see all windows, so you can keep an eye out for anyone trying to get in or out of the establ ishment. This is important because in a residential home you wouldnt want people trip the light fantasticing in and out. If there was an incident we would need to know who was in the building and who wasnt this is why visitors have to manse in and out. If someone got in and possessions went missing we could narrow it down with the tv cameras but if we didnt have cameras it would be hard to find out who did it, this could lead to loss or damage to the premises or personal belongings. get down 2In this section I am going to give examples of the hazards that can arise in different settings.Residential Home venerableIf a fire occurred in a residential home they would need to make sure that everyone inside the building got out safe so there would need to be fire exits, safety precautions and when they got everybody out safe they do a count of how many people were inside the building and how many are outside now. In a residential home it is important that the staff bump off health and safety procedures correctly and appropriately, within the care setting they need to be able to escape from the building in case of a fire, also to make sure they begettert put each other in danger. So if a fire exit was blocked this could cause a hazard.Child minding materialisation ChildrenIn a nursery a small fry minder is except allowed a certain amount of children at a time with them, referable to having too many and not abiding to the ratio, if the child minder got deflect with one of the other children and another child had accidently swallowed an purpose this could cause the child to choke on the object they would have to try and get the object out of the young childs mouth if this fails to work they would have to ring a ambulance , if the child minder had all the children in visual sense where she could see all of them this incident would have occurred. This could link to expose to danger. human race environment Beach young childrenIf a childrens care home had organized a day at the beach for the children, the care workers would have to make sure that they had put sun cream on all of the children because if they just left them and some of the children got burnt this would be abuse towards the children. If the children wanted to go into the sea, a member of staff would have to go in with them to supervise them to make sure they wasnt in danger or drowning or the current taking them out to sea. So if they had planned to take them out they would have to make sure there is enough staff to watch the children.ThirdReceiving CareFor those that receive care a hazard for an elderly person could be that they cannot see very well so, loss of vision and slower reactions could be a caper if they was trying to find their way down to the dining area this would be a problem because they wouldnt be able to see where there was going, so if things were left like this they could fall over and this would be an injury. If there was a younger person going down to the dining area there could be a sign saying caution wet floor they might just ignore it and walk over it anyway and fall and really hurt themselves. This would be lack of equipment.Workers in a settingWorkers in a setting could have to deal with all sorts of patients timid, violent, shy e.c.t. if a resident was violent towards a staff member and derive them there would have to follow certain precautions because this is abuse, for example was the resident provoked to hit the member of staff? Was the resident in distress? Was the member of staff not listening or listening to their needs? There would need to be an investigation throughout the home and everyone will have to create a statement both about the staff and the resident. This would be some working conditions for some employees.Support staffSupport staff in a health and social care setting should be inclined protective clothing because if one of the residents or care staff spills something on them or something gets o n their skin that harmful in anyway this would be harmful substances because they were not giving the appropriate protective clothing.VisitorsIf there is a visitor that wants to come into the resident then there should be a buzzer that they have to press for the staff to identify, also a camera so they can see who it is. If there was not these safety precautions anyone could waltz in and out of the building which is not very professional, if someone did get in or someone got out of the building this would be because of poor security systems. This could result in injury.

Aung San Suu Ki

AUNG SAN SUU KI ABOUT Aung San Suu Kyi is aBurmeseoppositionpolitico andchairpersonof theNational federation for Democracy(NLD) in Burma. In the1990 public election, the NLD won 59% of the national votes and 81% (392 of 485) of the seats in Parliament. She had, however, already been detained chthonic mansion pay offbefore the elections. She remained under house arrest in Burma for al about 15 of the 21 years from 20 July 1989 until her roughly recent release on 13November 2010, change state one of the worlds most prominent brassal prisoners.HOW SHE BACAME THE PERSON SHE IS Her father,Aung San, founded themodern Burmese armyand negotiated Burmas independence from theBritish Empirein 1947 he wasassassinated by his rivalsin the same year. She grew up with her mother,Khin Kyi, and two brothers, Aung San Lin andAung San Oo, in Rangoon. Aung San Lin died at age eight, when he drowned in an ornamental lake on the grounds of the house. Her elder brother immigrated to San Diego, Cali fornia, becoming a linked States citizen.After Aung San Lins death, the family moved to a house byInya Lakewhere Suu Kyi met peck of very different backgrounds, governmental views and religions. Suu Kyis mother,Khin Kyi, gained prominence as a political figure in the naturally formed Burmese government. She was appointed Burmese ambassador toIndiaandNepalin 1960, and Aung San Suu Kyi followed her there, she studied in the Convent of Jesus and Mary School, bleak Delhi and graduated fromLady Shri Ram Collegein New Delhi with a gradation in politics in 1964.Suu Kyi continued her education atSt Hughs College, Oxford, obtaining a B. A. degree inPhilosophy, Politics and Economicsin 1969. She worked at theUnited Nationsfor three years, primarily on budget matters. She earned a PhD at theSchool of Oriental and African Studies,University of Londonin 1985. She was elected as an Honorary brother in 1990. For two years she was a Fellow at the Indian Institute of Advanced Studies (IIAS) in Shimla, India. She also worked for thegovernment of the Union of Burma.Coincident with Aung San Suu Kyis return to Burma in 1988, the long-time military leader of Burma and head of the judgment party, GeneralNe Win, stepped down. Mass demonstrations for democracy followed that event on 8 August 1988 ,which were violently suppressed in what came to be known as the8888 Uprising. On 26 August 1988, she addressed half a one million million people at a mass rally in reckon of the Shwedagon Pagodain the capital, calling for a democratic government.However in September, anew military juntatook power. Influenced by bothMahatma Gandhis philosophy ofnon-violence and more specifically by Buddhist concepts, Aung San Suu Kyi entered politics to work fordemocratization, helped found theNational League for Democracyon 27 September 1988, simply was put underhouse arreston 20 July 1989. She was offered freedom if she left the country, she refused. cardinal of her most famous speeches was Freedom From Fear, which began It is not power that corrupts, but fear.Fear of losing power corrupts those who wield it and fear of the scourge of power corrupts those who are dependent to it. She campaigned again and again to instill her countries faith in democracy and travel to human right . She chose nonviolent paths to reach this goal that Burma too be a democratic country. HOUSE ARREST Aung San Suu Kyi has been placed underhouse arrestfor 15 of the past 21 years, on different occasions, since she began her political career, during which time she was prevented from meeting her party supporters and international visitors.PRIZES Suu Kyi received theRafto dineroand theSakharov honor for Freedom of Thoughtin 1990 and theNobel Peace Prizein 1991. In 1992 she was awarded theJawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understandingby the government of India and theInternational Simon Bolivar Prizefrom the government of Venezuela. In 2007, the Government of Canada made her an honorary citiz en of that country at the time, she was one of only four people ever to receive the honor. In 2011, she was awarded theWallenberg Medal.

I Have a Dream Speech Essay

world powers speech not only changed history for the pitch-black community, but it also gave hope to blacks throughout the world. His speech was so successful because he was qualified to arouse his audience to their feet and get them to take action in society. The reason for the great impact of the speech, I Have a Dream, is payable to the tense social mood of the time and that it reflects the conditions of the time, giving black activists a vision for the proximo.It struck directly into the hearts of blacks across America, and made whites sheepish of their actions and be willing to have a new start. In secure 17 minutes, nance influenced and informed the people about racial equivalence and fairness. Later, near the end of his speech, King continues to preach this point. For example, he stated, bitty black boys and black girls will be able to join transfer with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. King talks about the future and how one day, freedom will ring from all across the joined States and how people of all races will be able to join hands and be brothers and sisters. He strongly desires a united world where racism will not exist. He says, With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. Overall, King intelligently used a well-planned structure to manipulate his audience into agreeing with him.

Store Layout and Design

Chapter 13 keep Layout and Design I. Introduction to come in Layout Management. Retailers rear use the retail memory itself to initiate and continue their relationship with customers. A. The depot itself (e. g. , its layout) has the potential to overcome many of the negative attitudes/emotions customers may pass on as they enter a retailers storage. 1. 2. In fact, no another(prenominal)(prenominal) variable in the retail mix mildews the consumers initial perception as a lot as the retailers chime in itself. The ii primary objectives around which solely activities, functions, and aims in the stock revolve atomic number 18 memory image and gross sales fertileness.Store image is the over both perception the consumer has of the investment companys environment. b. plaza productivity represents how effectively the retailer utilizes its takeice and is usually measured by sales per squ ar foot of selling distance or gross ad exclusivelyment dollars per squ ar foot o f selling quadriceps femoris. In cyberspace, retailers essential be touch on with the format of the entire website. In order to drive repeat visits and gain consumer purchasing on ones web site, the e-tailer should a. b. Keep contentedness current. Make the site easy and enjoyable to use. c.Structure an online community where consumers fag act with one another or contribute to the sites content. B. Elements of the Store Environment The successful retailer will place a punishing emphasis on proposeing their physical facilities so as to deepen the retailers boilers suit image and increase its productivity. The elements t eyelid should be considered atomic number 18 a. POS signage. b. c. Visual Communications Retail identity, graphics, and Store Planning outer space allocation, layout, and circulation. Store Design Exterior design, ambiance, and lighting. election, trade in a. 3. d. marketing Fixture innovation, and visual selling. C. The two primary objectives of creating the desired store image and increasing space productivity correspond to the general mission of all retailers, which is to get consumers into the store (traffic) and influence them to buy merchandise once inside (conversion rate) while operating in the most efficient manner possible (operating efficiency). The store planner must constantly balance these objectives, as they ar sometimes at odds. 1.Developing a Store Image the ability to arrive at and change image done the store environment becomes more signifi give the bouncet every day as consumers time poverty increases. 2. Increasing Space Productivity a goal summarized in a simple but powerful truism of retailing The more merchandise customers argon exposed to, the more they tend to buy. To leaven space productivity, retailers must incorporate planning, selling, and design strategies that minimize shrinkage (the de discontinueure of merchandise through theft, loss, and damage). II. Store Planning.Store planning is the development of floor plans, which fence where merchandise and customer service departments are located, how customers circulate through the store, and how much space is dedicated to each department. A. Allocating Space the starting point of store planning is determining how the available store space will be allocated to mingled departments, based on mathematical calculations of the returns generated by divers(prenominal) types of merchandise. 1. Types of Space Needed in that respect are five canonical types of space in a store a. . The gage room includes the receiving area to process arriving inventories and the stock room to store surplus merchandise. Offices and other functional spaces include a advert room for associates, a training room, offices for the store manager and assistant managers, a cash office, bathroom facilities for both customers and employees, and perhaps other areas. The amount of space dedicated to gangboards, service areas, and other nonsellin g areas can be significant, perhaps 15 percent or more of the entire space.While the store planner forever and a day attempts to minimize the amount of nonselling space, customer service is an equally important part of a store and should not be short-changed. The floor merchandise space holds many types of locatings used to demonstration merchandise. The walls are one of the most important elements of a retail store. They serve as fixtures holding tremendous amounts of merchandise, as well as serving as a visual desktop for the merchandise on the floor. c. d. e. 2.Space Allocation Planning to determine the most productive allocation of space, the store planner must analyze the productivity and advantageousness of various categories of merchandise. There are two situations where this is evident planning a new store and revising the space allocation of an existing store. a. alter Space Productivity in Existing Stores When a retailer has been in business for some time, it can d evelop a sales floor on which to evaluate merchandise performance, refine space allocations, and enhance space productivity.Various quantitative measures, such as the space productivity index, can be used to develop a more productive space allocation. Space Allocation for a New Store When a retailer is creating a new store format, it bases space allocation on industry standards, preliminary experience b. with similar formats, or more frequently, the space required to carry the number of items specified by the buyers. B. Circulation there are four basic types of circulation patterns in use today. Shoppers take hold been trained to associate certain circulation patterns with different types of stores. . 2. 3. Free Flow, the simplest type of store layout, is a type of store layout in which fixtures and merchandise are grouped into free-flowing patterns on the sales floor. Grid Layout is another type of store layout in which counters and fixtures are position in dogged rows or ru ns, usually at right angles, throughout the store. Loop Layout is a type of store layout in which a major customer aisle begins at the entrance, loops through the store usually in the shape of a circle, square, or rectangle and then returns the customer to the front of the store.Spine Layout is a type of store layout in which a single main aisle runs from the front to the back of the store, transporting customers in both directions, and where on either side of this spine, merchandise departments using either a free-flow or grid pattern branch off toward the back and side walls. 4. C. Shrinkage Prevention. When planning stores, the prevention of shrinkage collectible to theft, damage, and loss must be considered. Some layouts will minimize photo to shoplifters by increasing the visibility of the merchandise. III. Planning Fixtures and switch Presentation.In the theater of retailing, there are two basic types of merchandise presentation visual merchandising intros which are ana logous to the props which set scenes and serve as backdrops and on-shelf merchandising which represents the stars of the performance. A. Fixture Types fall into three basic categories 1. Hardline Fixtures. The workhorse fixture in most hardline departments is the gondola. The gondola can hold a wide variety of merchandise &8212 in fact, virtually all hardlines &8212 by means of hardware hung from the vertical spine.Tables, bragging(a) bins, and flat-base decks are used to display bulk quantities of merchandise when the retailer wants to make a high- apprize statement. Softline Fixtures. A large array of fixtures have been developed to accommodate the special needs of softlines, which much are hung on hangers. The four-way feature rack and the round rack are two of the fixtures most heavily used today. The round rack is cognise as a bulk or capacity fixture, and the four-way rack is considered a feature fixture, because it presents merchandise in a manner, which features certain c haracteristics of the merchandise (such as color, shape, or style).Wall Fixtures. The last type of fixture are those designed to be hung on the wall. To make a plain wall merchandisable, it is usually cover with a vertical skin that is fitted with vertical columns of notches similar to that on the gondola, into which a variety of hardware can be inserted. Shelves, peghooks, bins, baskets, and even hanger bars can be fitted into wall systems. 2. 3. B. Merchandise Presentation Planning With all the various types of fixtures available, there is an endless variety of ways to merchandise product. . The methods of merchandise presentation include the following a. Shelving The majority of merchandise is placed on shelves that are inserted into gondolas or wall systems. Shelving is a flexible, easy-to-maintain merchandising method. Hanging Apparel on hangers can be hung from softlines fixtures such as round racks and four-way racks, or from bars installed on gondolas or wall systems. Pe gging Small merchandise can be hung from peghooks, which are small rods inserted into gondolas or wall systems.Used in both softlines and hardlines, pegging gives a neat, orderly appearance, but can be labor intensive to display and maintain. Folding Higher-margin or large, unwieldy softlines merchandise can be folded and then stacked onto shelves or placed on tables. This can create a high-fashion image, such as when bath towels are taken off peghooks and neatly folded and stacked high up the wall. Stacking Large hardline merchandise can be stacked on shelves, the base decks of gondolas, or flats, which are platforms placed directly on the floor.Stacking is easily maintained and gives an image of high chroma and low price. Dumping Large quantities of small merchandise can be dumped in bins or baskets inserted into gondolas or wall systems. This method can be used in softlines (socks, wash cloths) or hardlines (batteries, candy), and creates a high-volume, low-cost image. b. c. d. e. f. 2. divers(prenominal) merchandising methods can strongly influence our buy habits and cause us to purchase more. There is a certain psychology of merchandise presentation. . encourage/Fashion Image One of merchandisings most important psychological make is its ability to foster an image in the customers mind of how trendy, exclusive, pricey, or value oriented the merchandise is. Angles and Sightlines interrogation has shown that as customers move through a retail store, they view the store at approximately 45 gunpoint angles from the path of travel, so merchandise placed at 45 arcdegree angles to the aisle has better visibility.Vertical Color Blocking To be most effective, merchandise should be displayed in vertical bands of color wherever possible, so that customers are exposed to a greater number of SKUs. b. c. C. Selecting the Proper Fixture and Merchandise Presentation Methods In selecting which fixtures and merchandising methods to use, a good soak upline is to bear on the fixture to the merchandise, not the merchandise to the fixture. This means you should only use fixtures hat are sensitive to the nature of the merchandise, but all too often, retailers are forced to put merchandise on the wrong fixture. D. Visual Merchandising is the artistic display of merchandise and theatrical props used as scene-setting decoration in the store. Visuals dont always include merchandise they may just be interesting displays of items somehow related to the merchandise offering or to a mood the retailer wishes to create. IV. Store Design encompasses both the outdoor and the interior of the store.There are literally hundreds of details in a stores design, and all must work together to create the desired store ambiance, which is the overall feeling or mood projected by a store through its aesthetic appeal to the human senses. A. Storefront Design. If the retail store can be compared to a book, then the storefront or store exterior is like the book cover. It must be noticeable, easily place by passing motorists or mall shoppers, memorable, clearly identify the name and general market positioning of the store, and give some hint as to the merchandise inside.Interior Design can be broken into architectural elements and design finishes, and encompasses floorcoverings, walls, and ceilings. Lighting is one of the most important, though often overlooked, elements in a successful store design. Retailers learned that different types and levels of lighting can have a significant impact on sales. Sounds and Smells Total Sensory Marketing. Research has shown that senses other than sight can be very important. many a(prenominal) retailers are beginning to engineer the sounds and smells in their stores.B. C. D. V. Visual Communications. Visual communications includes in-store signage and graphics. When conservatively balanced with personal service, visual communications, with its reliability and low cost, can create an effective sellin g environment and is therefore an important tool in the store designers toolbox. A. Name, Logo, and Retail Identity. The premiere and most visible element in a comprehensive visual communications program is the retailers identity, composed of the store name, logo mark, and supporting visual elements.The name and logo must be catchy, memorable, and most of all, reflective of the retailers merchandising mission. Institutional Signage. Once inside the store, the first level of visual communications is cognize as institutional signage, or signage that describes the merchandising mission, customer service policies, and other messages on behalf of the retail institution. Directional, Departmental, and kinsperson Signage serve as the next level of organizational signage. These signs help guide the shopper through the shopping trip and assist in locating specialized departments of interest.B. C. D. Point-of-Sale (POS) Signage. The next level of signage is even smaller, placed closer to t he merchandise, and known as point-of-sale signage, or POS signage. POS signage is intended to give details active specific merchandise items and is usually affixed directly to fixtures. E. Lifestyle Graphics. Many stores incorporate large graphic panels showing so-called lifestyle images in important departments. These photo images portray either the merchandise, often as it is creation used, or images of related items or models that convey an image conducive to buying the product.

A Modified 2-D Logarithmic Search Technique for Video Coding

A Modified 2-D logarithmic reckon Technique for flick secret writing With Reduced face Points Tahmina Akhtar, Rahima Akter, Chhalma Sultana Chhaya , Ashfaqur Rahman army Institute of Science and Tech no.ogy/Dept of CSE, Dhaka, Bangladesh, underlying Queensland University/Centre for Intelligent and Networked Systems, QLD, Australia email&clxprotected com, email&160protected com, email&160protected com, a. email&160protected edu. au outline depiction cryptograph is a impact for representing pic epochs in a backpack manner.A significant tincture in impression coding is faceing for connatural segments in forward designs and use only the disagreement information for reconstruction thusly reduce space requirement. Different calculate proficiencys including near seem and 2-D logarithmic attend etcetera ar utilise in the on-line(prenominal) literature. exuberant reckon restricts its application because of its computational load. 2D logarithmic seek is co mputation intactlyy less(prenominal) costly although there be nigh spaces for gain. In this paper we rede a new inquisition proficiency by modifying the 2-D logarithmic seek that requires less count tiptops with peanut mischief in visual smell.Experimental heads demonst swan the effectualness of the proposed technique. Keywords impression coding, 2-D logarithmic bet. i. INTRODUCTION Video is a epoch of still images representing scenes in gesture. A television system is created by capturing a metrical composition of still images in a shortly date interval. When these still images are displayed precise quickly, it represents the motion of the object in the images. Video represent the huge amount of info. In order to transfer photograph data from unrivaled practice to another efficiently it is ask to compress the size of it of motion picture data.One way to compress the size of video data is video coding 1 2 . The oral sex goal in the design of a vi deo-coding system is to reduce the transmission rate subject to roughly picture quality constraint. In transmission side, the first under puke (normally called the reference exactlyt on) is transmitted as it is and the rest hurtles are sent as a function of the reference skeletal system. The frame to be sent is separate into a progeny of blocks and the best tally for the block is looked for in the depend window of the reference frame. This process is called the hunting technique in video coding literature.There last a human body of video coding techniques including MPEG-1/2/4 2 7 , H. 26X 8 etc. uses hunting techniques like spacious essay 1 , 2-D logarithmic inquisition 3 , Coarse-Fine-Three-Step front 4 , Conjugate Direction calculate 5 , and profit anticipate 6 . Each of these take care techniques has merits and demerits in their favor. bounteous pursuit breaks the best receive for a block as it appeares all the candidate positions in the ta ke care window. liberal seem however is computationally expensive and renders difficulty for real time implementation. few variants exist that applies few heuristics to reduce the candidate chase draws and reduce the computational complexity although compromise the image quality a bit. 2-D logarithmic anticipate is one such search technique that reduces the search points to a subset of the search window (to be detailed in literature review) and finds the near-optimal best contradict with trim computational complexity. Although computationally inexpensive it contains some redundancy in the search space. We manoeuvre to reduce this redundancy and aim to find a modified 2-D logarithmic search technique with even reduced computational load.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique reduces the act of search points and thus reduces search time with insignificant sacrifice of image quality. The paper is organize as follows. In Section II we elaborate some re lated kit and boodle. In Section III we present our proposed search approach. Some experimental results to demonstrate the effective of the proposed approach is presented in Section IV. in conclusion Section V concludes the paper. II. Related works In this section we present teeming search technique and the logarithmic search technique.In both cases the frame to be coded is divided into a number of non-overlapping pertain size blocks of size p? q. The best match is looked for in a search window of size (2d+1)? (2d+1) in the reference frame . form 1 Block unified process in video coding that uses search techniques. * A. wide Search In Full search 1 finds the best match by inspecting all the (2d+1)? (2d+1) candidate positions deep down the search window. Full search turn is brute force in nature. The service of Full Search is that it delivers good true statement in searching for the best match.The damage is that it involves a large amount of computation. * B. 2-D logarit hmic Search Jain and Jain 3 substantial a 2-D logarithmic search technique that successively reduces the search electron orbit, thus trim the computational burden. The first pure tone computes the similitude for cinque points in the search window. These tail fin points are as follows the central point of the search window and the four points touch it, with all(prenominal) being a substance surrounded by the central point and one of the four boundaries of the window. Among these five points, the one correspondent to the sink limit discordantity is picked as the winner.In the close step, surrounding this winner, another set of five points are ap waded in a similar fashion to that in the first step, with the distances between the five points remaining unchanged. The exception takes place when either a central point of a set of five points or a boundary point of the search window gives a negligible dissimilarity. In these circumstances, the distances between the five p oints need to be reduced. The procedure continues until the final step, in which a set of candidate points are situated in a 3&2153 2-D grid.The locomote in a 2-D logarithmic search technique are presented in fig 2. soma 2 The 2-D logarithmic search technique. The circle numbered n is searched at the n-th step. The arrows indicate the points selected as the nerve center of the search for the coterminous obviate. The 2-D logarithmic search hits a maximum of 18 points and a negligible of 13 search points. The advantage of this technique is that it successively reduces the search area, thus trim down the computational burden. One of the disadvantages is that some points are searched more than once thus start out some space for improvement.Moreover, it follows a penurious approach by selecting the minimum dissimilar point at each step thus posing a flagellum to follow a local minimum trend. Considering these facts we propose to modify the 2-D logarithmic search to overcome the local minimum line and also press out the redundant figuring as described in the succeeding(a) section. iii. proposed search technique We mainly modified the 2-D logarithmic search technique to eliminate the redundancy and local minimum task associated with it. The search technique is elaborated next under the light of 2-D logarithmic search technique.Our proposed search technique starts with the five points in the search window where the one is at the center and other four surrounds center point ( pattern 3(a)). Unlike 2-D logarithmic search, our proposed technique selects two points min1 and min2 ( frame 3(b)) that has dissimilarity scores lower than the other triple points. We then select a point as the center of search for the next pass that lies on the line in between min1 and min2. This alternative reduces the local minimum effect as it simply does not follow the minimum point.Moreover, the five points selected in the next pass does not match with any of the previo us points thus eliminates the redundancy that exists in 2-D logarithmic search. Centered at the point selected at the next pass the search continues ( chassis 3(d)- flesh 3(f)). The steps of the search are portrayed in figure of speech 3. Following are some of the merits of our proposed technique * Successively reduces the search area with no point searched twice * supreme search points are 12 and minimum search points are 5 an improvement over 2-D logarithmic search. iv. Results and DiscussionWe have conducted a comparative analysis of Full Search, 2-D logarithmic Search and our proposed search technique as presented next. All the experiments were conducted on MPEG sequences utilize MATLAB. We used sequences like garden, Akiyo, hold over Tennis, auto, and coastguard. Full search, 2-D logarithmic search and our proposed technique applied in these standard MPEG file and we computed the ASNR (Average Signal to interference Ratio) and Computational load (i. e. number of search p oints). The results on divers(prenominal) sequences are presented next. Akiyo rate Each frame of the Akiyo sequence is of 352? 88 pixels, recorded at 25 frames per sulfur and there are a total of 398 video frames. Fig 4 shows the theorize twentieth frame of Akiyo sequence coded apply Full search, 2D-logarithmic search and proposed search technique. In this video only face portion is moving. Search point comparison for these three search techniques is presented in Fig 5 and ASNR is reported in Fig 6. ASNR achieved utilise the proposed search technique is close to equal 2D logarithmic search unless at reduced number of search points (Fig 5). Number of search points remains almost similar over the different frames.ASNR valuate shown in prorogue 1. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Fig 3 The different steps of our proposed 2-D logarithmic search technique. (a) five points of search window, (b) the direction of the search in between the direction offered by the two points min1 and min2. (c) Search at step 2, (d) min1 and min2 at step 2, (e) Search points at step 3, and (f) Search ends at the no-good point. (a) (b) (c) Fig 4 reconstruct twentieth frame of the Akiyo sequence employ (a) Full search, (b) 2-D logarithmic search, and (c) Our proposed search technique.Fig 5 affinity of of search points for Akiyo sequence. Fig 6 comparison of ASNR for Akiyo sequence. skirt 1 ASNR value of different search for Akiyo sequence sort No Full Search 2D logarithmic Search Proposed Search inaugural 25. 86188 25. 55678 25. 46245375 fifth 24. 84504 23. 77938883 23. 57562323 tenth 24. 37532 23. 01043038 22. 67351877 15th 24. 38495 22. 98908004 22. 5831958 twentieth 24. 4424 22. 90227928 22. 56886825 twenty-fifth 24. 44956 23. 03416597 22. 51615637 cable car ecological succession Each frame of the Car sequence is of 320? 240 pixels and ecorded at 25 frames per second and there are a total of 398 video frames. The reconstructed twentieth frame of Car sequence using the three search techniques is presented in Fig 7. In this video sequence the gondola moves but background is still. here each repeated two times. Average no of search point is almost 10. 46 for repeated frames and 11. 50 for new frames. here(predicate) number of search points vary significantly compared to Akiyo sequence. Overall the proposed technique has reduced search points (Fig 8) although the ASNR is bit low (Fig 9). ASNR value of some frames shown in Table 2. a) (b) (c) Fig 7 Reconstructed 20th frame of the Car sequence using (a) Full search, (b) 2-D logarithmic search, and (c) Our proposed search technique. Fig 8 equality of of search points for Car sequence. Fig 9 Comparison of ASNR for Car sequence. Table 2 ASNR value of different search for Car sequence Frame No Full Search 2D logarithmic Search Proposed Search first 27. 13312 26. 5682 26. 08265 5th 26. 68718 25. 75123 25. 16904 10th 26. 10589 25. 12647 24. 27394 15th 26. 31185 25. 16266 24. 54981 20th 26. 28613 25. 1915 24 . 61234 25th 25. 86261 25. 02255 24. 12599 tend Sequence Each frame of the garden sequence is of 352? 240 pixels and recorded at 30 frames per second and there are a total of 59 video frames. Fig 10 represents the reconstructed 20th frame of this sequence coded using the three search techniques. In this video the motion is repayable to camera movement. Fig 11 and Fig 12 reveals that the new search technique reduces the number of search points with minor loss in ASNR. ASNR value of some frames shown in Table 3. Here Average no of search point for each frames demand almost same.In frame 20th ordinary no of search point is 11. 6053 and ASNR is 18. 22931. (a) (b) (c) Fig 10 Reconstructed 20th frame of the Garden sequence using (a) Full search, (b) 2-D logarithmic search, and (c) Our proposed search technique. Fig 11 Comparison of of search points for Garden sequence. Fig 12 Comparison of ASNR for Garden sequence. Table 3 ASNR value of different search for Garden sequence Frame No F ull Search 2Dlogarithmic Search Proposed Search 1st 24. 27663 24. 27663 23. 5971 5th 21. 6078 21. 6078 20. 49847 0th 20. 71779 20. 71779 19. 34323 15th 19. 9641 19. 9641 18. 69269 20th 19. 6754 19. 6754 18. 22931 25th 19. 39791 19. 39791 18. 05226 Coastguard Sequence Each frame of the Coastguard sequence is of 320? 240 pixels and recorded at 25 frames per second and there are a total of 378 video frames. Here the ride and the camera are moving. Fig 13 represents a reconstructed frame of this sequence coded using the three search techniques. Fig 14 represents the search point required by the three techniques. Our proposed technique shows semestral nature in terms of search points.This is due to the repetitive nature of motion in the video. Fig 15 represents a comparison of ASNR obtained using different techniques. Table 4 shown ASNR of some frames. (a) (b) (c) Fig 13 Reconstructed frame of the Coastguard sequence using (a) Full search, (b) 2-D logarithmic search, and (c) Our propos ed search technique. Fig 14 Comparison of of search points for Coastguard seq. Fig 15 Comparison of ASNR for Coastguard sequence. Table 4 ASNR value of different search for Coastguard seq. Frame No Full Search 2D logarithmic Search Proposed Search 1st 24. 8771 24. 33338 23. 61801 5th 24. 31753 23. 35416 22. 54516 10th 23. 90367 23. 03317 22. 07546 15th 24. 36529 23. 44171 22. 66604 20th 24. 38658 23. 26823 22. 50994 25th 24. 54524 23. 91583 22. 91885 Table tennis Sequence Each frame of the Table tennis sequence is of 352? 240 pixels and recorded at 30 frames per second and there are a total of 9 video frames. Here ball is moving fast. The reconstructed frames, number of search points, and ASNR of the three search techniques are presented in Fie 16, Fig 17, and Fig 18. Some ASNR of Table tennis sequence shown in table 5. a) (b) (c) Fig 16 Reconstructed frame of the Table tennis sequence using (a) Full search, (b) 2-D logarithmic search, and (c) Our proposed search technique. Fig 17 Comparison of of search points for Table tennis sequence. Overall the result of ASNR for Full Search is best in all cases but number of search point is so high. The result of ASNR for 2-D logarithmic and our proposed search is almost same but the number of search point of our proposed search is smaller than the 2-D logarithmic search and thus an improvement over the brisk technique.Fig 18 Comparison of ASNR for Table tennis sequence. Table 5 ASNR value of different search for Table tennis seq Frame No Full Search 2D logarithmicSearch ProposedSearch 1st 25. 2698 24. 56416 23. 90544 3rd 23. 60795 22. 69326 21. 81273 5th 23. 43996 22. 35007 21. 29301 7th 23. 71878 22. 71607 21. 58383 v. inference In this paper we have presented a new search technique for video coding that is a modification of the existing 2-D logarithmic search. The proposed technique reduces the search time of 2-D logarithmic search by minify the redundant search points.Although ASNR is sacrificed to some accompl ishment it had insignificant visual impact as observed from the experimental results. References 1 Shi and H. Sun, video and Video Compression for Multimedia Engineering, Fundamentals, Algorithms and Standards, second Edition. 2 P. N. Tudor, MPEG-2 Video Compression, IEEE J Langham Thomson Prize, Electronics and confabulation Engineering journal, celestial latitude 1995. 3 J. R. Jain and A. K. Jain, sack Measurement and Its Application in Interframe Image Coding, IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. com-29, no. 12, December 1981. 4 T. Koga, K. Linuma, A. Hirano, Y. Iijima, and T.Ishiguro, Motion-compensated interframe coding for video conferencing, Proc. NTC81, G5. 3. 1-G5. 3. 5, juvenile Orleans, LA, Dec. 1981. 5 R. Srinivasan and K. R. Rao, Predictive coding based on efficient motion estimation, Proc. of ICC, 521-526, May 1984. 6 D. Tzovaras, M. G. Strintzis, and H. Sahinolou, rating of multiresolution block matching techniques for motion and disagreement estimation, Si gnal Process. Image Commun. , 6, 56-67, 1994. 7 MPEG-4, http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/MPEG-4, last accessed in December 2008. 8 H. 264, http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/H. 264, last accessed in December 2008. *

Why Hitler’s Actions, the Treaty of Versailles and the Policy Appeasement Contributed to the Outbreak of War in Sept?

The insurance appeasement contri yeted to the prohibitedbreak of cont remainder in sept. 1939 because by appeasing Hitler Britain and France gave him the confidence to conceive he could ask for anything he cute. This n forevertheless reinforced what theyd already shown him, which was they wouldnt return action if he sine qua noned him broke the treaty, much(prenominal) as when he took over other parts of Europe, such as Sudetenland in 1938 and reoccupying the Rhineland.This make him stronger and much(prenominal) billetful, which made him to a greater extent(prenominal) seeming to protrude a fight because he idea he was more possible to entice or for Britain and France not to react in the starting signal place because even though they said that theyd start fight if he attacked Poland, he didnt deal they would. So he invaded and WW2 broke come out as promised. Appeasement couldnt ever of stopped Hitler it merely suspended war, which made war more likely in sept . 1939 because it gave Britain and France more time to re-arm which meant they were more likely to declare a war they could actually win.The treaty of Versailles contributed to the outbreak of war in sept. 1939 because they were overly harsh towards Germany which cause every aspect of life in the clownish which left the population dotty and vengeful. This bring to Hitlers uprising because he promised to revoke the treaty and get Germany keister on its feet, which meant in 1933 he had the power to put in motion his plans for Germany that would go across to War. He Joined with Austria, rearmed and reoccupied the Rhineland, this not hardly went against the treaty it in like manner made Germany stronger and more ready for War.The treaty of Versailles also contributed to war in sept. 1939 because it made Britain and France more likely to follow the above appeasement policy. some(prenominal) people after WW1 was fully over started to believe the treaty was way too harsh on Germ any, this meant Britain and France felt Germany merit the land. Which in turn made Germany stronger because of the mineral resources such as Iron and sear Hitler could use to fuel his military and country as a hole and also meant more men to fight on Germanys side. Which made war more likely as Germany would be stronger and therefore Hitler would be more likely to start a fight.Hitlers actions lead to War in Sept. 1939 because he was an aggressive dictator with take place aims to abolish the treaty, get Germany an empire and unit of measurement German speakers. In other dustup make Germany great again. He also wanted to re-arm which would allow him to both(prenominal) break the treaty and expand because he knew other countries werent just exit to let him walk in and take over, he expected a fight, and so he needed arms. This would also succeed his other aim to create lebensraum that was living space for German people.These aims lead him to invade Czechoslovakia and Poland, which lead to War in sept. 1939 when theyre allies came to help. Without Hitlers tantalize to meet his aims the War might not of happened at all. Another way in which Hitlers actions contributed to war in Sept. 1939 was because his aims appealed to the German public. He promised a new Germany, better, stronger, without the treaty. Germany were in an economic depression theyd do anything to get out of, this meant they were open to Hitlers aggressive nature, and this helped bring him to power in 1933.If Hitler wasnt in power he couldnt of carried out his actions. In refinement all three contributed to the war but they all worked together. The treaty of Versailles made Germany want revenge, which lead to Hitlers popularity because he promised to abolish it, which lead to him gaining power, which meant he could carry out his plans, so Britain and France either had to appease him or start a war. In the end they did both, but by appeasing him first they also made war more likely because it encouraged Hitlers confidence, so he felt more prosperous taking bigger and bigger risks.

How is Elizabeth Bennet Presented & How Does she Change in the Novel ? Essay

Elizabeth white avens is second eldest girlfriend of the bennet siss. Although the novel doesnt fuck off a specific narrator she is apply more than any other address as a centre of consciousness, signification she is the main focus of the readers interest. In the novel she is a heroine, nevertheless(prenominal) she does make a few mistakes and doesnt have the characteristics of wizard. We can tell from how Mr. Bennets speaks of Lizzy that she is his favourite daughter, I mustiness throw in a bang-up word for my little Lizzy and when Mrs. Bennet says he will non do such(prenominal) a thing, that she is less good sounding than Jane and non half as good-natured as Lydia, he replies They have none of them much to recommend them they are all(prenominal) silly and ignorant, like other girls that Lizzy has something more of quickness than her sisters.She has many witty and tantalizing conversations, where she likes to drop in her vehement and independent views. When Jane i s ill at Netherfield, Lizzy goes to picture her, with Jane in bed, Mr. Darcy, Mr. Bingley, Lizzy and the Bingley sisters are talking, Darcy and Bingley listing what makes up an accomplished woman Elizabeth declares that she never sawing machine such capacity, and taste, and application, and elegance, as you describe, united, implying that Darcy is far in like manner demanding. Most of the interactions between Darcy and Elizabeth take the forms of irony or agrument, with Lizzys words fashioning Darcys admiration towards her stronger, once he moves past his initial prejudice.She is a truly playful and spirited women who enjoys to laugh at people, including her ego. We are told after Darcy refuses to spring with her that, she told the baloney with great spirit among her friends for she had a lively, playful disposition, which delighted in anything ridiculous. As I said before this is the humour that attracts Darcy. It is not sole(prenominal) her wit that Darcy admires, for whe n she remarks Mr. Darcy is all civility as a way of avoiding to dance with him, we can she is also hitting digest at his rude(a)ness with this sarcastic comment.Elizabeth is one of the most active and strong characters in the novel. Elizabeth continued her walk alone springing everywhere puddles with impatient activity and finding herself at last within view of the house, with wear off ankles, dirty stockings and a face shine with the warmth of exercise. She walks into the huge house of Netherfield not worrying about what she looks like or what others think of her. Miss Bingley is shocked at her dirty petticoat whereas Mr. Darcy and Mr. Bingley find this zero attractive.Chapter 36 is an essential passage as it marks the turn or so in Elizabeths opinion. From Elizabeths first aquaintance with Darcy she thought him to be a proud and disagreeable, especially when he repiled to Bingleys comment of how Elizabeth is just as pretty as Jane with She (Lizzy) is tolerable, but not han dsome enough to tempt me. She could never figure out why he was such good friends with Bingley as theyare the stop opersite. Although, Darcys ignorance and pride doesnt metamorphose Lizzy eventually comes to lift up his kindness and his grandness through his actions towards his sister, towards her sisters (Jane and Lydia) as well as the way he comes to not only love her, but to respect her and see her as an equal as well.This is helped majorly by the letter she re-reads a few generation until she fully understands what she thought she had sussed out, realizing that she has much less able to understand the natures of people around her than she thought, especially being prejudice towards Darcy and in favor of Wickham. As well as misreading Darcy and Wickham she also recognizes that when Darcy described her family, she at first thought it as rude but then remembers how embarressed she was by her mother, Mrs. Bennet boasting so incredible brasslike about Mr. Bingley and Jane that Mr. Darcy could over hear and with her sister playing too long on the piano. She understands how wrong she has been and is very humiliated, She grew absolutely dishonored of herself How despicably have I acted trough this moment I never knew my self

Linguistics and Poetry

1 PREFACE TO SIDNEYS ASTROPHEL AND STELLA slimly To Read For Them That List Tempus adest plausus, aurea pompa venit, so force forbiddens the mise en scene of idiots, and enter Astrophel in pomp.Gentle custody, that sport seen a super Csand assembly lines of folly drawn fore ex uno puncto impudentiae, & group A two storied mountains to go to the conception of unmatchable mouse, that present had your ears deafened with the echo of Fames cheap towers, when just now they cast been touched with a leaden pen, that put on seen Pan seance in his bower of delights, & ampere a number of Midases to admire his miserable hornpipes, permit non your surfeited sight, new come from such puppet play, think scorn to tour aside into this theatre of pleasure, for hither you sh tot each(prenominal)y specify a paper stage strewed with pearl, an schmalzy heaven to eclipse the fair frame, & crystal walls to encounter your curious eyes, eras the tragi-comedy of cognise is performed by starlight. The chief actor present is Melpomene, whose dusky robes, dipped in the ink of tears, as only seem to declension when I overtake them near. The argument, cruel sexual abstention the prologue, hope the epilogue, despair Videte, queso, et linguis animisque fauete.And hither, peradventure, my witless young person may be taxed with a margent find of presumption for offering to put up both motion of applause in the be fractional of so excellent a poet (the to the lowest degree syllable of whose name, sounded in the ears of judgement, is able to give the meanest line he writes a dowry of immortality), yet those that observe how jewels oftentimes come to their custody that know not their value, & that the coxcombs of our days, same Aesops cock, had rather have a barley- nucleus wrapped up in a ballad than they pass on dig for the riches of wit in any(prenominal) estate that they know not, I hope exit also hold me excused, though I open the gate to his glo ry, & require idle ears to the admiration of his melancholy. Quid petitur sacris inconclusive tantum fama poetis?Which although it be oftentimes imprisoned in ladies casks & the precedent hold ins of such as backsidenot see without another mans spectacles, yet at length it breaks aside in spite of his clutchesers, and useth some closed-door pen (instead of a picklock) to procure his ruffianly enlargement. The sun for a time may mask his well-disposed head in a spoil, yet in the end the thick veil doth vanish, and his embellished blandishment appears. presbyopic hath Astrophel (Englands sun) withheld the beams of his spirit from the common view of our dark sense, and night hath hovered over the gardens of the nine sisters, while ignis fatuus and gross fatty flames (such as commonly arise out of dungh ill fortunes) have took occasion, in the middest eclipse of his shining perfections, to assert abroad with a wisp of paper at their tails like hobgoblins, and lead men up and down in a circle of absurdity a only week, and never know where they are.But now that cloud of sorrow is dissolved which fiery have it off exhaled from his dewy hair, and affection hath unburdened the drudging streams of her womb in the low water tank of his grave the night hath resigned her jetty tidy sum unto Lucifer, and clear daylight possesseth the sky that was dumb wherefore break off your dance, you fairies and elves, and from the handle with the torn carcasses of your timbrels, for your kingdom is expired. Put out your rush candles, you poets and rimers, and bequeath your crazed quartorzains to the chandlers, for lo, here he cometh that hath broken your legs. Apollo hath resigned his ivory populate unto Astrophel, & he, like quicksilver, essential allay you 2 ________________________________________________________________________ PREFACE TO SIDNEYS ASTROPHEL AND STELLA hypnoid with his music. Sleep Argus, sleep ignorance, sleep impudence, for Mercury h ath Io, & only Io Paean belongeth to Astrophel.Dear Astrophel, that in the ashes of thy love livest again like the genus Phoenix O, cleverness thy body (as thy name) live again likewise here amongst us, precisely the earth, the commence of mortality, hath snatched thee too soon into her chilled ratty arms, and let alone not let thee by any means be drawn from her fatal embrace, and thy divine soul, carried on an angels wings to heaven, is installed in Hermes place, sole prolocutor to the gods. consequently mayest though never return from the elysian fields like Orpheus therefore must we ever mourn for our Orpheus. Fain would a second spring of passion here spend itself on his sweet remembrance, and religion, that rebuketh profane lamentation, drinks in the rivers of those despairful tears which langorous poignancy hath outwelled, & bids me look back to the dwelling house of honour where, from one & the very(prenominal) root of renown, I shall find some(prenom inal) goodly branches derived, & such as, with the spread head increase of their virtues, may more or less overshadow the grief of his loss. Amongst the which, fair sister of Phoebus silverish secretary to the Muses, most rare Countess of Pembroke, thou art not to be omitted, whom arts do adore as a second Minerva, and our poets extol as the patronne of their invention, for in thee the Lesbian Sappho with her lyric repeat is disgraced, & the laurel garland which thy chum so bravely advanced on his lance is still kept commonality in the temple of Pallas. Thou only sacrificest thy soul to contemplation, thou only entertainest unsuccessful Homer, & keepest the springs of Castalia from being dried up. Learning, wisdom, beauty, and all other ornaments of nobility whatsoever, seek to sanction themselves in thy sight, and get a just seal of felicity from the smiles of thy favour O Ioue digna viro ni Ioue nata fores.I headache I shall be counted a mercenary flatterer fo r assortment my thoughts with such figurative admiration, save world-wide report, that surpasseth my praise, condemneth my rhetoric of dullness for so cold a commendation. Indeed, to say the truth, my style is somewhat heavy-gaited, and cannot dance trip and go so lively with Oh, my love, ah, my love, all my loves gone as other shepherds that have been fools in the morris time out of mind, nor hath my prose any skill to imitate the Almain leap verse, or sit taboring five years unneurotic nothing but to be, to be, on a paper drum. Only I can keep pace with Gravesend barge, and care not if I have water comme il faut to land my ship of fools with the term (the tide, I should say).Now either man is not of that mind, for some, to go the lighter away, will take in their fraught of spangled feathers, golden pebbles, straw, reeds, bulrushes, or anything, and then they bear out their sails as proudly as if they were ballasted with bull-beef. Others are so hardly bested for loading that they are travel to retail the cinders of Troy and the shivers of broken truncheons to suffice up their boat, that else should go empty, and if they have but a pound-weight of good merchandise, it shall be rigid at the poop, or plucked in a thousand pieces to credit their carriage. For my part, every man as he likes, Mens cuiusque is est quisque. Tis as good to go in cutfingered pumps as cork-shoes, if one wear Cornish diamonds on his toes.To explain it by a more familiar example, an ass is no broad state man in the beasts commonwealth, though he wear his ears upsevant muff, after the Muscovy fashion, & hang the lip like a cap-case half open, or look as demurely as a twopenny-halfpenny brown loaf, for he hath some 3 ________________________________________________________________________ PREFACE TO SIDNEYS ASTROPHEL AND STELLA imperfections that do keep him from the common council, yet of many he is deemed a very virtuous member, and one of the honestest sort of men that are , so that our sagacity (as Sextus Empiricus affirmeth) gives the name of good or ill to everything. Out of whose works (lately translated into English for the upbeat of unlearned writers) a man might collect a whole book of this argument, which no doubt would prove a worthy commonwealth matter, and far soften than wits wax kernel Much good worship have the author.Such is this golden age wherein we live, and so replenished with golden asses of all sorts that, if learning had lost itself in a grove of genealogies, we need do no more but set an old goose over half a dozen pottle-pots (which are, as it were, the testis of invention), and we shall have such a encompass of books within a little while after as will pick all the world with the wild-fowl of good marbles I can tell you this is a harder thing than making gold of quicksilver, and will trouble you more than the moral of Aesops glow-worm hath troubled our English apes, who, striving to straightaway themselves with the fla me of the philosophers stone, have spent all their wealth in buying bellow to blow this false fire. Gentlemen, I fear I have too much presumed on your idle leisure, and been too bold, to substructure talking all this while in another mans door, but now I will leave you to survey the pleasures of Paphos, and offer your smiles on the altars of Venus. Yours in all desire to please, Tho Nashe.

Diskobolos vs. Ramesses Ii

Diskobolos vs. Ramesses II There ar many unique qualities in cheat that depict the different time intents. star can decipher specific eras found on the attributes of the painting or mold. antediluvian patriarch Egypt molds ar completely different from antique Greece carvings by way of frame position, facial nerve miens and materials used. Under fundamenting backgrounds, time bounds, and history of the sculptures be important when analyzing the works of art. Ramesses II is locate at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology. The statue was found at the Heracleopolis, Temple of Harsaphes, in Egypt (Ramesses II). Archaeologists believe that the sculpture was do mostwhere between 1897 and 1834 B. C during the time of the Middle Kingdom. The facial expression and body language illustrates his desire to be timeless. The sculpture is positioned in such a way that the body tactile sensations like it could stand the test of time. Made out of Quartzite stone, thi s sculpture is designed to preserve the Pharaohs effect and immortality. The Pharaoh is seated with both hands and feet place purposely close to his body to typify success, reign and world power. He sits upright in a tranquil manner reflecting power and kingship (Ramesses II). Every inch of his body is made to perfection. His proportions are impeccable and is represents that of a god. The award of Ramesses is much, like all of the other antediluvian patriarch Egyptian rulers during this tie period. The face has no personal qualities. The same characteristics appear on almost all of his statues a move back forehead with prominent brows fantasyful, slightly gloomy eyes an aquiline nose with a broad bridge and rounded cessation and a narrow mouth (Ramasses II).The statue of Ramesses II is rather similar to the statue of Khafra. Ramesses II is seated in the exact same position as Khafra. Their hands and feet are close to the body while their faces have no personal attributes t hat give them their own identity. some(prenominal) Statues were made to signify power and control. They treasured to be timeless and appear motionless. (See telephone number 1) Figure 1. Statue of Ramesses II. The Ancient Greece era occurred afterward the Ancient Egyptian era and they had a very different design ascetic.In the classical period the Grecians bring ind sculptures that were more flavour like. The sculptures actually looked like they were moving. Limbs were away from the body unlike that of Egyptian sculptures. The statues were asymmetrical and were positioned in a non-conventional way. A sculpture that has these characteristics is Diskobolos, It was before created in bronze around 460-450 B. C. The statue is of a man about to throw a disk. He is bent at the cannon with one arm out to the side. The potential energy expressed in this sculptures tightly-wound pose, expressing the atomic number 42 of stasis just before the release, is an example of the advanceme nt of Classical sculpture from the Egyptian period(Diskobolos). This position demonstrates harmony and balance because all(prenominal) inch of his body is workings in concert to create a smooth driveway and throw. Each movement is essential to install the position. The working left arm balances the tenanted right leg in the prior position and the relaxed right arm balances the liberate left leg(Janson, 124). The facial features are much more realistic.In this sculpture his face looks like he is working hard and focusing on the game. Emotions were thought out at this time period when creating art. If someone was happy they looked like it and if some was in pain they had the look of organic discomfort. Also the idea of movement is really predominant in this time period. either the statues look like they are waiver to take a step or throw something in order to create movement. (See figure 2) figure 2. Statue of Diskobolus Both Greek and Egypt Sculptures have considerable dif ferences but they to a fault have some similarities.Both market-gardenings cherished the idea of a perfect tendinous body yet one treasured movement over timelessness. Each culture is unique with the artwork and sculptures that they left shadower for us to study. They each donated something special to us and each art style had a profound effect on how we look and judge art. Works Cited Discobolus. Sir Thomas Browne. Web. 17 Nov. 2009. . Janson, H. W. Jansons history of art the western tradition. swiftness Saddle River, NJ Pearson Education, 2007. Print. Ramesses II. Grove artifice Onine. Oxford university press. Web. 10 Nov. 2009. .