Soviet American Relations 1929 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Soviet American Relations 1929 - Essay ExampleNo incident in examining a history of dealings between these two powers is independent of other events that occurred prior to or during any such dialogue. To understand the stage setting in which it is written demands an understanding of the milieu of the era. In order to facilitate this, I will startle examine briefly the period prior to the Litvinov/Stimson communications from both the American and the Soviet perspective.At the shutdown of World war One the get together States engulfed itself in what is frequently termed as Isolationism. The term infers that foreign policy dictated that the United States not concern itself with outside influence and concentrate instead on mental synthesis a solid national prow. This idea of isolation although embraced by many simply was not the case, nor was it the United States intention during the 1920s. After World War One many Americans felt that, although the Allies were victorious, the re asons for American function in the war were politically motivated rather than in the United States best interest. More so, the acquittance of life suffered during the war intensified this feeling. Although not implicitly stated, many, at the time, felt that the United States involvement was, in effect, to help the British government save face and retain their position as a spherical power. Although the United States did in many respects remove itself from direct intervention in the foundation relations, it was off the beaten track(predicate) from isolating itself. Much focus was placed on internal strengthening and development within the country, only at the same time America was still a key figure in world diplomacy and politics. The greatest contention between the United States and the Soviet Union at this time was the magnetic dip of the Russian government and the establishment of a Marxists doctrine in what became the Soviet Union. After World War One Germany and the Sovi et Union were virtually social outcasts within the world political scene. Dialogue between the Soviet Union and the United States at the conclusion of the war was further strained by the Soviet Unions realisation that American prisoners of war held by the Soviet government could be used as bargaining leverage to gain the United States legitimization of the new-made Soviet government. Having previously negotiated for exchange of prisoners with the Soviet Union, the United States was unwilling to relent to these pressures when the Soviet government withdrew from the agreement and steadfastly refused to acknowledge its world legitimacy. Instead, the United States turned to Britain and France to assist in the negotiation for release of all three countries prisoners of war. The United States although politically refusing to recognize the Soviet Union as a sovereign nation - did so after World War One as it built, certain and strengthened economic ties. The national agenda of the era was to fabricate a strong economic base within the United States, but foreign investment including investment in the Soviet Union was ordinary by American industry during this period. During such times, as steadfastly as the United States refused to acknowledge the new communistic creation of the Soviet Union,

Legacy Fighter Aircraft Upgrades and New Stealth Fighters Research Paper

Legacy Fighter Aircraft Upgrades and New theft Fighters - Research Paper Example563 Collier & Ankle, 2002, p. 13). While terror seemed to be seeped within regional efforts back up by allied forces to weaken the perceived enemies, however, there is perceived multitude imbalance in strategical geographic region where US militarys power seemed bit nil, if not weak, but is even so complemented with diplomatic relations, such(prenominal) as those security threat cases posed by China and of North Korea in Asia. The odds of denuclearization efforts and hazy economic-political climate within the region as salutary as the sustaining movements in the Arab countries remained both(prenominal) a threat and opportunity for the US forces to rethink about the need to upgrade the capacities for warf atomic number 18 (Collier & Hoeffler, 2006, p. 89 Deger & Sen, 1983, p. 67 Harbom & Wallensteen, 2007, p. 623 Reynal-Querol, 2005, pp. 445) In the last decade, US forces have been focused in combat ing terror groups in Iraq, Libya, Afghanistan, and in working with reformists organization within the Arab region with hope to change the system and make it more boastful in its trading relation. However, amid these challenging turn of events, there are also intrinsic realities posed by Pentagon about the need of the military aviation forces to scale up its defence or operational system, such as upgrading of its its USAF fighter platforms from F-22 to new F-35s, as well as by upgrading the aerodynamics or aircraft systems. In this project, the researcher forget determine the (a) prices of the F-35s and the cost of upgrading its aerodynamic systems, (b) the capacity of the US government and military agency to allocate budget for these projects, and (c) the consideration of the legislators on the fiscal requirements for this upgrade. Data Collection This is a soft research that bequeath investigate the requirement in upgrading the military aviation forces of US and to hopefully e mbark comparative details of these matters with consideration of the current deliberation of the needs and cost analysis of the upgrade. Qualitative carry will rely in primary and secondary sources that can be lifted from interviews, reports, publications, magazines and online information. The study will help elucidate the prospect and consequence of plan to upgrade the military aviation system. Data equanimous will be reviewed, collated and evaluated to arrive at a reasonable conclusion that may (or may not) precaution the decision-making of the legislations and authorities in Pentagon. The researchers evaluate the information based on historical records, plans of the DoD, and budget schedules as well as its estimates (GAO, 2012). Test reports were also considered including the risk information of the new capabilities (GAO, 2012). Data Analysis Last month, July of 2013, the part of Defence of the United Sates announced of forging an agreement to purchase 71 F-35 fighter jets fr om Lockheed Martin at a lower cost of 4% less than the original prices for stealth and radar evading fighter jets but discounts will only be for 36 units and another 8% less for the remaining 35 units (Drew, 2013). Reports mentioned that the cost, including the ancillary facilities, are pegged at $7 billion per unit thus, state authorities require the reduction of the cost slice other cost analysts outside the government batted that the cost would be rising still. The high costs and the anent problems associated in the acquisition have also discouraged other Pentagon officials and thought of scrapping

Critical Evaluation of Supply Chain Design, Management and Resource Essay

Critical Evaluation of Supply Chain Design, Management and Resource Planning at kraft Foods - Essay ExampleThe company was founded in 1923. Previously, this company had focused on the industry of ice creams in North America and expanded the face to enter the dairy market. Kraft Foods basically produces various pleasant-tasting foods according to the demand and the mood of the consumers and the company also promises a superior quality of the produced food. Kraft Foods has deep took over Cadbury and the company has an objective to spread its businesses all over the world. Kraft Foods is one of the most tumefy known company which deals in branded beverages and foods. It is the largest food manufacturing organisation in the United States, and the second largest organisation in the world within the food manufacturing industry (Kraft Foods, 2011). In the study the major objective would be to highlight and to critically evaluate the various operational functions of Kraft Foods, and the ir importance in accruing a damp competitive advantage. The study also involves the Enterprise Information System (EIS) and its critical evaluation to analyse the experience management system of the company. The paper would also include recommendations to support the argument along with conclusion (Kraft Foods, 2011). parole Critical Evaluation of the Organisations Operational Management Structures and Systems in Relation to the Theoretical Principles, Concepts, Models/ exemplar Kraft Foods ensures a good and effective operational segment within the organisation. The company has focused on the quality, the goal, and the effectiveness of the overlaps produced by the organisation. Alike every other company, Kraft Foods also has certain operational functions, which abet the company to gain a growth in the market as well as inspection and repair to achieve a competitive advantage. The various operational areas involve product and service design, product quality, faculty planning , inventory control, resource planning and supply chain management (Kraft Foods, 2011). harvest-feast and Service Design harvest-home and service design are few of the most meaning(a) areas in operational activities of a company. Product and service, these are the two important factors which link an organisation to its customers. Designing a product is the process of generating smart ideas to create a new product and it depends upon the needs and the demands of the customers. Product design involves certain steps, such as, design brief, specification of the design, designing the concept, testing, designing the detail, further testing, manufacturing and sales. Each and every organisation generally follows these steps. Similar to product design, service design is also an important factor in organisational operations. Service design is the process of intro of a new product or improving the existing product for making them more uncommitted for the customers. The major goal of the service oriented companies is to design their service properly before delivering it to the customers, and it is also important to provide after sale service to the consumers (Moritz, 2005). Kraft Foods also ensures a good product and servi

MGM600-0803B-02 Applied Managerial Decision-Making - Phase 3 Essay - 1

MGM600-0803B-02 Applied Managerial Decision-Making - Phase 3 Individual Project - move ExampleThus the chi-square test hypothesis may be described as followsThe test statistics is calculate by the formula T = (n-1) (s/ 0)2. The main element of this formula is the proportion s/ 0 which compares the ratio of the sample modular aberrance to the target standard deviation and n is the sample size and s is the sample standard deviation. The more this ratio deviates from 1, the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis increases.Here X2 (., n-1) is the critical apprize of the chi-square distribution where n-1 represents the degree of freedom. X2a is considered as the upper critical prise and X2 1-a is considered as the lower critical apprise in the chi-square distribution.The chi-square test is performed to obtain answer questions like, whether the standard deviation is less(prenominal) than the predetermine value of standard deviation, whether the standard deviation is greater t han the predetermine value and whether the standard deviation is equal to the predetermined value (Engineering Statistics Handbook. 1.3.5.8. Chi-Square Test for the Standard Deviation).The F-test is conducted to check whether the standard deviation of two set of population or sample is equal. Like chi-square test this can either be a two-tailed test or a one-tailed test. The two-tailed variation tests against the alternative that the standard deviations is not equal and the one-tailed version tests in one direction, that is the standard deviation from the starting time population is either greater than or less than the second populations standard deviation . The option of the test is confirmed by the problem. This is applied in a case while testing a new process and when a firm wish to know if the new method is less variable than the old one. F hypothesis test is represented as followsChi-square distribution can be found out using a statistical

Social Media's Small, Positive Role in Human Relationships Assignment

Social Medias Small, Positive affable function in Human Relationships - Assignment ExampleShe supports this claim by stating that the tribe are using capacious amounts of data when conversing on the social media platforms. People are using social media to maintain connectivity between themselves and people with whom connectivity could not have been possible without social media. Surveys also indicate that most families view social media is a way of improving their family lives since it enables them to keep in touch more frequently. The authors purpose is to portray the flaws that exist in the research and articles that condemn social media as one of the ways that lead to isolation and disconnect. This is to persuade the society to view social media in a different way and embrace its ruling connectivity capabilities. The intended audience includes social media users and its opponents. The author intends to inform the opponents of the mistakes they make when they overlook the po sitive part of social media, which she advocates for. This article is very significant to the contemporary world as it seeks to challenge a view by the majority who view social media as source of isolation. The article shows the capabilities of social media that should not be overlook with specific concern to connectivity.Tufekci, Z. (2012). Social Medias Small, Positive Role in Human Relationships. Retrieved from

Math Report Lab Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Math - laboratory Report ExampleThe fact that these environments argon less understood drivers the need to use observations, understand them and foreknow the future. Such efforts mostly involve intuition, but often involving examining existing similarities between them and other known and closely understood situations.Mathematical modelling defines the system using mathematical language and concepts to describe its behaviour (Berry and Houston 2-3). The major(ip) application is in engineering and natural sciences disciplines, physicists, and computer science among others. Consequently, the use of mathematical models represent crucial elements of the presented system, thus presenting the usable form of knowledge for that system. For instance, modelling the greenhouse effect asseverates the best way to shout future conditions or situations on earth such as extent of carbon monoxide or temperatures. In this report, mathematical models are used to consume real-world data to formula te models that are analysed real world situations to offer conclusions, which after interpretation offer predictions or explanation for any system (Berry and Houston 3). Furthermore, mathematical models offer a means of solving math problems, and representing the association between any two or more variables and that are fundamental to a given problem or situation.This paper evaluates the concept of mathematical modelling in terms of differential coefficient equations. The concept is applicable because the variables analysed in the report are continuous, thus varying field of battle to other continuous variables. In this case, differential equations offer the rate of change of dependent variables subject to free-living ones. Since the system is not limited to having only one independent variable, the mathematical model attained from the conjecture is that which offers a model in terms of leading or advanced order ordinary differential equations of the system. Furthermore, mathem atical models normally define a system that needs to

Cash Management Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cash Management Paper - Essay ExampleWhen a society is strapped for specie there are various alternatives brush aside be implemented to ensure the company snag solvent for a longer period of time.One of the approaches that can be utilized in cases where there is an imminent cash flow problem is to reduce costs. During the global economic recession that started in 2008 the dry land has seen how many global corporations have chosen to reduce their payroll expenses through massive layoffs in hunting lodge to keep the businesses going. The US government created a special bailout package bill for the US automakers because companies such(prenominal) as GM could not keep operating because of cash flow problems. Cash flow problem can also occur due to the inability of a company to collect its account receivables. IF clients are not paying on time the best alternative is to terminate the credit privileges to such vendors. A technique that is utilized by companies to improve its collec tion function is by utilizing electronic transactions such as direct debit from a checking account. One of the four primary financial relations is called the statement of cash flow. The statement of cash flow is the best analytic tool that can be used to manage the cash flow of an enterprise. This financial statement provides an outlay of the cash that is entering and going out of a pissed as well as the type of transaction associated with the deed of cash. The three categories that measure cash movement in the statement of cash flow are financing, investing, and operating activities (Besley & Brigham, 2000).Due to the importance of the cash summation of a business there are various alternatives that a company can utilize to take in cash through short term financing. Short term financing are alternatives that provide a company with immediate cash to be utilized to cover its short term operating activities such as paying payroll, buying materials, maintenance activities among

Race and Your Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Race and Your fraternity - Essay Examplewho has not had much engagement in the arena of race discourse and who strike been spared the oppressions wrought upon racial minorities, it is all too easy for me to forget that there are looming issues that need to be resolved and ugly truths that have to be confronted. And while much has changed since the 1800s, and new developments have been introduced that have desire to alleviate the racial divide not only in this State and in this country besides in the world as well, it is incorrect to believe that the problem has been completely solved. We must be delightful that the world we have now is a better, more tolerant and more accepting world, but we must still try to think of steps to further reduce the racial divide.I look roughly me and I see that members of my community look like me. White Americans easily form 70% of my community, though there are those of African American, Asian and Latin American descent around me. Caucasians lo ok equal for obvious reasons skin color, eye color and hair color reveal a common racial blueprint. Even the most idle observer would perhaps be able to distinguish among the races because of these distinctions. It is to a fault noteworthy to note that the racial divide seems to extend to choice in fashion, music, and the like. African-Americans tend to dress alike, for instance, and have the uniform tastes in music. For example, Tennessee boasts of a long tradition of gospel music, commonly associated with African Americans. Jazz music is also another Tennessee tradition. The Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s the period wherein blacks made their mark in the artistic scene saw black musicals and jazz music emerging in the mainstream scene. Indeed, the differences in the musical tastes run deep and gibe a colorful flavor to the Tennessee cultural collage. Of course, there are many songs of recent vintage that condense across race, particularly among the younger generation.Our political office is comprised of African-Americans and Caucasians

Some academics refute the usefulness of the capital asset priceing Essay

Some academics refute the usefulness of the capital addition priceing model stating that it has a number of empirical problems. critically evaluate this view - Essay ExampleThere are some(prenominal) criticisms on the empirical effectiveness of the CAPM theory viz. the measurement of beta, estimation of trade return, difficulties in accessing mart portfolio return, reliance on beta as a risk measure, ex ante distribution and ex post population and other unrealistic assumptions underlying the smashing Asset Pricing Model. The model has severely failed in terms of empirical tests and several studies refute its acceptability as the best asset determine model.This paper sheds light on the empirical problems and criticisms of the Capital Asset Pricing Model. It evaluates the points put forward by several scholars and discusses the practical applicability of the model.The Capital Asset Pricing Model theory values an asset with respect to its risk (Soufian, 2001). This risk is measured with the help of beta with respect to the overall trade risk. patronage its importance and practical usage, some academics point out several problems that are confronted in the empirical examination and application of the CAPM Fama and French (2004), Michailidis (2006), Ryan (2006), (Soufian, 2001) etc. Some of the major points of criticism arise out of the measurability of beta, accessibility of the market portfolios, relationship of beta with market returns and the unrealistic assumptions of the model. These criticisms pose several questions on the practical importance of the Capital Asset Pricing Model. The following paragraphs evaluate the various problems regarding the empirical validity of the CAPM.One of the most significant factors underlying the Capital Asset Pricing Model is the measurement of beta which is the covariance between an assets return and the market return divided by market returns variance. Hence, estimation of market portfolio return is an integral element of beta measurement. It is however not clear as to what classes of assets to specifically imply or not in the portfolio of market

Strategic Retail Management in Competitive Environment Essay

Strategic Retail Management in Competitive Environment - evidence ExamplePerception of some people from brand name has moved towards product quality make up and service delivered (Experian, 2011). This has motivated several naked retailers to enter into the already competitive market. This has raised survival issues for many new and old retailers, and demands for new strategies and activities to sustain their position in the market (Experian, 2011). The culture of buying has shifted mostly towards online viewing and ordering. People visiting the store argon easy to urge towards keep companys product, and they are the ones who gives the company greater revenue than the online buyers (Experian, 2011). However, this ratio has also taken a 180 degree deviate in many of the top retail stores, including the ones discuss in this paper, where online buyers makes around 80% of the total income of the company (Experian, 2011). 1. Competitive Environment of UK Retail Industry The retail sector of UK is the only largest private recruiter because it employs around 3 million people. This sector covers a prominent percentage of employment in UK because more than half of the UK commonwealth work part time in retail stores. The retail industry of UK is immensely supportive for the deliverance of the region as it generates abundance of revenue to sustain the economical position of UK. Therefore, the in order to prize the environment of this sector Porters five forces outline and PEST analysis of the industry are being done (Obitz, 2009). Porters Five Forces Analysis of UK Luxury Retail Sector The analysis of the retail industry of UK is significant for accomplishing the purpose of the paper. Therefore, when it comes to analyze the competitive environment of any industry, Porters Five Forces Model appears covering all the areas required for evaluating a competitive environment. i. Threats of Substitute The threat for ersatz products in the prodigality retail market of UK is quite low as non-food items sold by luxury retailers do non have major substitutes. This is cod to the fact that buyers purchase luxury items as a result of their perceived luxury associated with their purchases and therefore they do not substitute these products. The threat of substitute is not apparent and the actual threat is only limited to the pricing stretched by different retailers for similar products (Nwankwo & Gbadamosi, 2011). ii. Threats of smart Entrants In the luxury retail side of the market, there are lower threats of the new entrants in the industry. This is due to the high level of barriers for ontogeny brand and then high level of investment is required for developing brand recognition and its positioning in the luxury brand market. It is difficult for new market entrants to offer product differentiation in the cloth retailing and also change buyers attitude which keeps them loyal to already existing luxury brands. Moreover, it has been noted in the luxury retail market that existing brands place barriers for the new entrants by increasing their marketing activities and also undertaking other initiatives that could

Home to Home Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Home to Home - Essay exercisingThe patients journey describes how a person experiences a disease from the initial realisation of the presages finished the stages of presentation, diagnosis, treatment and adherence to the medication leading to cure, remission or death. Coronary nerve centre disease results from the build-up in the arteries that blocks the blood flow and increases the risk of exposure for heart attack and stroke. Its main cause is the development of the heart complications that proceed it from receiving sufficient oxygen as well as nutrient rich blood. The most devastating symptom of the coronary heart disease is the development of abrupt cardiac arrest. Others entangle chest pain, short breathing place upon exertion, palpitations and dissiness. Some of the treatment measures administered to the patients suffering from coronary heart disease include aspirin, Beta-blockers and nitro-glycerine. Some of the stay measures include adoption of a healthy lifestyle du ring childhood as well as reducing the risk operators. Critically analyse the sociological and psychological drivers that impact upon the patients journey through any(prenominal) health c atomic number 18 setting. Sociological and psychological drivers share common interests in the management of the coronary heart disease. ... This procures the health care providers with an uphill task of proletariat primary research on these patients to ascertain these factors. champion of the prominent factors affecting the psychological drive is the occurrence of stress (Ogden, 2009). High levels of stress delays the recovery station of the patients suffering from the coronary heart disease. Patients under stress cannot strictly follow the treatment or the preventive guidelines. Patients suffering from coronary heart failure whitethorn also experience trans-generational and cumulative trauma. Most of them are normally resigned to the fact that they will acquire the disease genetically, makin g them ignore the keenness measures required for undertaking effective medication (Helman, 2007 Ayers, 2007). Most of the patients may also experience discrimination or racism that may lead to stigma. This slows down the recovery rates, with most of them succumbing to the ailments in severe cases. Sociological Drivers The prominent sociological factor that negatively affects the patients journey for those suffering from coronary heart disease in a primary health care setting is the rise in the social media listening programmes (Gray, Degeling and Colebath, 2008 Barrett, Sellman and Thomas, 2005). The social media plan has provided patients with an electronic avenue for sharing the health information through utilisation of the speed of the Internet. Patients are qualified to become the members of the online family that connects them to the fellow patients and share information related to their conditions. The health care institutions can also faucet on the information extracted fr om the online conversations to enhance

Miscarriages of Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Miscarriages of Justice - Essay mannikinThis happens because of inefficient procedures . Second, the virtues that ar applied to them. Third, for there is no information that justifies the applied discourse or punishment. Fourth, if suspects, defendants or convicts be handled unfavorably by the state to an unequal extent compared with the necessity to protect the rights of others or, fifth, if the rights of other individuals are not effectively or equally protected or defended by press out action against truth violators or, sixth, by State law itself(Greer, 1986).For, the six groups above revolve around themes of breach of rights of suspects and defendants, the disproportionate treatment of suspects/defendants or the non-vindication of the rights of victims, might be termed direct spontaneous abortions. In addition, it may be possible to derive from their annoying a seventh, indirect miscarriage which affects the community as a whole. A belief coming turn up of deceit or ill egalities will corrode the states claims to legitimacy. For, this is founded on the community criminal justice systems values which includes as respect for individual rights. In this way, as well as the unwanted faith of the individual, the moral justness of the criminal process suffers harm(McConville, 1994). Also, there could be a common detriment by way of debased confidence in the vanguards of law and order leading to lesser active citizens aiding the police and a cliff in the number of jurors willing to convict even the glaringly guilty.Definitely, it has been debated that this indirect form of miscarriage can exist independently as well as contingently in two respects. One is that a breach of the principle of judicial legitimacy should be of concern even if there is an accurate and sportsmanlike determination of guilt or innocence. Secondly, it still produces great moral harm even if, so farthermost as the individual is concerned, there is an error but no real harm is inf licted (say, when a person imprisoned for life is wrongfully convicted soon afterwards of a minor motoring offence). It is therefore argued that the State itself should avoid actions or processes which might damage the integrity of the system. Consistent with this concern, lawyers, whether acting for prosecution or defence, are reminded that they are not the ciphers of their clients but owe duties of integrity to the criminal justice system(Poole, 1998).Critical examination wherefore gender related crime is important to understanding relevant policies of the criminal justice policyIn the article state that the gender equality duty and the criminal justice systemApril 2007 The Gender Equality Duty comes in to force, the gender equality duty has been the biggest radical metamorphosis to sex to sex discrimination law for the past tense thirty years. It is also similar to the introduction in 2001 of a similar public sector rush equality duty after the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry and th e introduction of a disability equality duty in December 2006. Furthermore, Fawcett publications of the Fawcett Society had published two reports to support the implementation of the Gender Equality Duty in the criminal justice systemThe responsibility to understanding the understand your duty section details how the law should affect the criminal just

Strategic Business Plan for Bellway plc Assignment

Strategic Business Plan for Bellway plc - grant Example(Preece, 2003) A major part of Bellway Plcs plan of action must include followe a strategy based on gaining hawkish advantage as well as achieving sustainable entrepreneurial harvest-tide. Let us first examine competitive advantage to see how and where it will fit in with the overall growth and expansion of the Bellway Plc in securing buyers from the global market like Asia, US and other countries.This brings us to a discussion on the technicalities of the model proposed by Porter. Porters Five Forces model depicts suggested points under each main(prenominal) heading. When taken into consideration individually, each of these gives rise to the development of a broad and sophisticated analysis of competitive position. This may further be used during the creation of a strategy, plans, or even where making investment funds decisions about a business or organization is concerned. These five competitive forces determine industry lucrativeness and attractiveness apart from being responsible for shaping the prices that firms can charge, the costs they have to bear, and the required investments to take in in industry level competition. We are concerned with the fact that Porters essentially ahistorical approach cannot provide a full account of either a nations competitive advantage and corporate strategies or the growth and development of industrial clusters. For this, let us first understand competitive advantage.This has special relevance for the Bellway Plc, owing to the following reasonsThe company postulate to launch a full fledged expansion policy in international markets as well as the public sector in UK.It makes to zero in on out station resources which can be procured on easy and regular terms.There needs to a study of the marketing options in order to gain competitive advantage as in that location are many players involved here.Its competitors include Barrat Development, Taylor Wimpey and Berkle y Group Holdings.Competitive advantage is the response of afirm to the pressing need to organize and perform discrete activities. While these needs may not be perpetually spelt out, it is the responsibility of the planners and executers of policies to foresee such situations when catering for growth and development of the firm n various levels. So this implies that the Bellway Plc needs to employ an individual

How does financial crisis affect currency Research Paper

How does fiscal crisis affect money - Research Paper ExampleThe levels of blame on the causes of the disaster were assigned partly to financial institutions, consumers, honorable mention agencies, government housing policies, and regulators. The most proximate cause, however, was the rise in subprime lending (Blinder, 2013).It was difficult to understand how the fracture of the sub-prime mortgage threatened to collapse the US financial system and the economy. The governments had to inject trillions of taxpayers dollars into the financial systems and still, especially in the US, people lost their homes, savings and jobs. The collapse of the housing bubble was the spark that ignited the chain of events that at last brought the fall of the 2008 crisis. The collapse was fueled by easy and available credit, low interest rates, toxic mortgages, and stint regulations. This means that there were trillions of dollars embedded in the risky mortgages throughout the system. As the mortgage r elated securities got sell to the investors or so the world, packaged and repackaged, there was a lot of money embedded in the risky business.Markets and financial institutions that had been exposed to these mortgages and that had borrowed heavily against them suffered losses worth billions of dollars in the mortgages, as well as their related securities. The losses were magnified by synthetic securities and other derivatives not only in the US, but also around the globe. Through this, the trading ground was brought to a halt and the stock market plummeted, plunging the economy into a bass recession.The effects of the financial crisis were universal mainly due to the financial markets being globalized, as well as the existence of technology, which transformed the speed, efficiency and complexity of financial transactions and instruments. Many great economies reported the wrap up market declines after the twin towers crisis of September 11th,

Hidden intellectualism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Hidden intellectualism - Essay ExampleShe asserts that the best method of approaching ideas, conversations is in the form of a debate. She illustrates these with examples of company news, the company that looks for the news anchors who can show extremely odd views so that they can generate the two sides of the situation. She argues the itinerary, such a finis is the day-to-day routine that the public interactions are used, and to them, they believe the way one thinks. According to her, an individual has to pose a debate so that the other individuals can mate or disagree with the point. However, moderation should also be applied when it comes to a debate. This is because even the debates have their knowledge purpose, though they are not the only options for understanding and viewing the world. According to Tannen, peoples culture is based on the personal habits and arguments that seek the winning and losing end. She states that when it comes to the conflict, for instance, there m ust be an opposing and proposing side, and in this case, there must be a disagreement and agreement. According to her, it only destroys the society and sets people in the battle mindset situations whereby every battle must lead to hurting. She emphasizes that it only makes people think of distant rhetorical limitations from the opposing end, instead of listening to the important issues. She argues and views agonizing response as the planned contentiousness, pre-patterned, without thinking, and involves struggle so that one can reach his or her goal.

Tuberculosis & Antibiotic resistance Essay Example for Free

Tuberculosis Antibiotic resistance EssayTuberculosis (TB), overly cognise as consumption, is an infectious disease taked by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). TB is the leading cause of death in the world among reported deaths caused by a bacterial infectious disease. The disease extend tos 1.8 one thousand million people per year, which is equal to one-third of the entire world population (Todar).Pulmonary tuberculosis accounts for the majority of the TB slicknesss in the United States (Todar). Bovine tuberculosis is another infectious form of TB caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium bovis (Tortora, Funke, and event 690). M. bovis is the etiologic agent of TB in cows and rarely in humans. both(prenominal) cows and humans can serve as reservoirs. Humans can also be septic with M. bovis by the consumption of unpasteurized milk. This route of transmission can lead to the development of extrapulmonary TB, exemplified in narrative by bone transmittings that led to hunched backs (Todar).M. bovis accounts for only 1% of TB cases in humans in the United States. Another bacterium associated with TB that forms in patients with the late items of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is Mycobacterium avium-intre cadreulare (Tortora, Funke, and Case 690). According to Todar, M. tuberculosis is a fairly large nonmotile formed bacterium distantly colligate to the Actinomycetes.The rods are 2-4 micrometers in length and 0.2-0.5 um in width. Many non-pathogenic mycobacteria are components of the normal flora of humans, frame most often in dry and oily locations. M. tuberculosis is an obligate aerobe. For this reason, in the classic case of tuberculosis, MTB complexes are always found in the well-aerated upper lobes of the lungs. The bacterium is a facultative intra cubicleular parasite, normally of macrophages, and has a slow generation time, 15-20 hours, and a physiological characteristic that whitethorn contribute to its severity. Todar also states thatthe cellular phone wall structure of M. tuberculosis deserves special attention because it is droll among procaryotes, and it is a major determinant of moroseness for the bacterium. The cell wall complex contains peptidoglycan, but otherwise it is composed of complex lipids. Over 60% of the mycobacterial cell wall is lipid. The lipid fraction of MTBs cell wall consists of three major components, mycolic acids, cord factor, and wax-D. Mycolic acids are unique alpha-branched lipids found in cellwalls of Mycobacterium and Corynebacterium.They make up 50% of the dry weight of the mycobacterial cell envelope. Mycolic acids are strong hydrophobic molecules that form a lipid shell around the organism and affect permeability properties at the cell surface. Mycolic Acids are thought to be a significant determinant of virulence in MTB. Probably, they prevent attack of the mycobacteria by cationic proteins, lysozyme, and oxygen radicals in the phagocytic granule. They also protec t extracellular mycobacteria from complement deposition in serum (Todar). TB has many geomorphologic and physiological properties that have been recognized for their contribution to mycobacterial virulence and pathology (Todar).According to Tortora, Funke, and Case, an important factor in the pathogenicity of the mycobacteria, rod-shaped bacteria with waxy outer coats (NIAID), probably is that the mycolic acids of the cell wall strongly stimulate an inflammatory reply in the host. In the initial stage there are no symptoms of the disease but the infection is present when preeminence bacilli reach the aveoli of the lung and are ingested by macrophages and also around evade ingestion, and therefore, survive.In stage two, the tubercle bacilli breed in the macrophages causing a chemotactic response that brings additional macrophages and other defensive cells to the field forming a surrounding layer and in turn an early tubercle. The surrounding macrophages are not successful in de stroying bacteria but release enzymes and cytokines that cause lung damaging inflammation. During stage three, symptoms of the disease appear as many macrophages die, releasing tubercle bacilli and forming a caseous center in then tubercle.Many of the tubercle will remain dormant and serve as a basis for later reactivation of the disease. The disease may be arrested at this stage, and lesions become calcified. In stage four of infection, symptoms of the disease appear in some patients as a mature tubercle is formed. As the disease progresses the caseous center enlarges in a process called liquefaction. When the caseous center enlarges, an air-filled tuberculous cavity is formed in which the aerobic bacilli multiply outside of the macrophages.In stage five, liquefaction continues until the tubercle ruptures, which allows bacilli to spill into a bronchiole and then disseminate throughout the lungs and into the circulatory and lymphatic systems. These five stages are how the disease pr ogresses when the defenses of the body fail. In most healthy individuals,the infection is arrested, and black-market TB does not develop (Tortora, Funke, and Case 689).

Summary of October Sky Essay Example for Free

Summary of October Sky Essay putz Travis creates a brand new look on the Movie, October Sky directed by Joe Johnston by reviewing the picture show for Rolling stones in february 1999. He discovers the image to be very unique and refreshing from the movies directed at that period of time. He visualizes October skys optimistic look on life to be way more inevitable for common people than those Cynical show uplooks of other movies. Traver states that the movie is based on the autobiography The Rocket boys A memoir written by Homer Hickham, who worked as an aerospace engineer for almost twenty years in NASA. Traver briefly describes the Plot and Summary of the Movie which provides a good insight about the movie for readers. He starts saying that the movie is setback during the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union when the Soviets launched Sputnik towards the space. Travers states that even out though the people of coalwood do not recognize the historic e ssence of this event , they still consider this achievement to be of great importance in the Technological Field. However, Homer Hickham , the protagonist of the movie discovers a new warmheartedness after watching this event take place. His desire of building rockets not that helps him to create a new future for himself but withal provides him strength from not following his fathers footsteps towards work in the mines.Traver highlights the innumerable amount of difficulties Homer had to face before convincing his father Jim Hickham ( Chris Copper) to accept his passion for building rockets and help him choose a new path of life which is completely different from his aver.Traver also states that the underrated actor Chris cooper does not slip into Caricature and plays his role very well . But out of all the events that takes place in the movie the most important one is difficulties Homer overcomes till the shutdown and wins the Science Fair at last.He concludes by highlighting details about the plot of the movie to be distinctive and rich in favor. Nevertheless, he says Homer and friends turning out to choose their own futures different from what their parents wanted would sound corny but the movie surely focuses on the idealistic time in the American history

Nursing Process Essay Example for Free

treat Process EssayThe guest is a 70 year erstwhile(a), Caucasian male who is a retired rig salesman from Riverside, IA, who has an extensive history with paralysis agitans (Parkinsons illness). The invitee was first admitted to the farsighted term guard induction in December 2012. The node explained that he came to be at this installation later on already macrocosm in two places same(p) this. He was removed/discharged from the last long-term c ar facility for being what he called disruptive. The node described the staff at the last facility as non very kind to the residents. in that location was an incident where the drugs that were appointed to the thickening made him hallucinate and he became unruly with the staff and was restrained and retiren to the hospital for evaluation. He was then transferred to this long term c argon facility. Wanting to gather the customers wellness history, an interview was scheduled.In starting the interview with the lymph n ode, he was requireed if he would be comfortable with being asked some questions and was informed that he did non stir to event any questions that he was uncomfortable with. Due to the clients paralysis agitans and his muscle weakness he is primarily in a wheel contri excepte. The client was asked if there was anything that he motivationed ahead starting and if he would prefer the door be closed or the curtain be drawn for privacy, he utter that wasnt necessary. It was observed that the client had tremors in his right hand and arm. A few minutes after sitting down, the client asked for stand by moving his hand that was resting on the bed to the arm of his wheelchair in doing this it seemed to admirer calm the tremors. When speech production with the client, he is of sound mind and has a sense of humor.This indicates that the clients paralysis agitans has not exciseed the knowledge domain in the right hemisphere of the brain that controls psycheality. The client noted t hat he was in respectable animal(prenominal) health until 1996. He then explained that in the spring of 1996, piece of music he was running he suffered from a TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack). The client sought out professional answers from 5 specialists and was diagnosed with paralysis agitans. The client conveyed this was a concern he had because his father as well had Paralysis agitans. The client describes that the Paralysis agitans hasincreasingly become worse over the past 18 years. It was observed that his speech was slow and monotonous. The client spoke in a low and discreet volume. A lose of facial expressions was also noticed. The client go off laissez passer with the attention of a walker that is generally in a wheelchair. make water of DrugDosageRouteTimeRelated toCarbidopa-Levo 25100 tabby word of singTIDParalysis agitansComtan200 mg lozengeOrallyTIDParalysis agitansSeroquel XR50 mg tabletOrallyIn the afternoonNon constitutional psychosisHe is prescribed 3 tab lets to be taken by word of mouth 3 epochs a day Carbidopa-Levodopa 25-100 (25 mg of Carbidopa and 100 mg of Levodopa) for paralysis agitans. He is also prescribed 200 mg of Comtan to be taken orally 3 times a day for paralysis agitans. These drugs raise the train of dopamine in the brain. A side effect of having elevated levels of dopamine in the brain is psychosis. The client is also given over 50 mg of Seroquel XR orally in the afternoon to alleviate his nonorganic psychosis. It is documented in the clients chart that there are symptoms of sleep apnea. When asked, the client verbalize that he was unsuspecting of having that condition. The client does not use a continuous positive airway oblige (CPAP) machine go sleeping at night.When talking more in depth closely sleep patterns and concerns the client stated that he gets approximately 8 hours a sleep a night, this is without any help from sleep aids. When speaking of his bedtime rituals he said that he does get hold of tw o beers, back to back, at night right before bedtime, while watching television. He does not have barrier falling asleep and did arrogate that he sometimes has a hard time staying asleep at night. When questi wholenessd about taking occasional(a) naps throughout the day he stated depends on if Ive been up all night. The client then explained that it is the noise level at the long term care facility that keeps him awake.When inquiring about the clients family he stated that he has been married for 48 years and has two children, a son who is 44 years old and a daughter that is 39 years old. The client also has seven grandchildren. When asked what he likes to do in his spare time he replied that he loves spending time with his wife and children. He stated that before coming to this long term care facility he enjoyed playing card and gambling. He now plays computer games for fun, when his wife is there to help him. The client explained that he has a little bit of mellowed contrast pressure and it was noted in his chart that he is given an 81MG Aspirin daily for atrial fibrillation.Aspirin81 mgOrallyo.d.A-fibAcetaminophen325 mgOrallyEvery 6 hourPainHe has no history of heart surgeries or surgeries of any kind. The client reported that he has never had rheumatic fever. When asked about blood clabbers, the client responded that he believes that his TIA in 1996 was a result of arterial emboli. The client claims that sometimes he has numbness in his legs and his hamstrings tighten up and it can be painful. He stated that he bequeath ask for his prescribed 650 MG of acetaminophen for the pain.When speaking about everyday stresses with the client, he stated that he doesnt have a lot of stress but gets irritated when that staff turn on the lights every dawn at 630 am. When asked if there was anything that he does when he notices that he is stressed, the client menti sensationd that when he was jr. he would travel to Vedic City in Iowa and practice with the Maharis hi meditating. He says that meditating has been very helpful in his adult animateness. The client also mentioned that he liked to follow the Maharishi lifestyle and eat only organic foods but it is not accomplishable to follow that when residing at a long term care facility. separate things that he does to distress are look at his pictures that he has on his shelf in his room. The one that helps him the most is a black and white picture of him in a small airplane with his rush instructor standing on the wing. The client use to pilot planes when he was younger.When the client was asked if he was ghostly and he explained that he is Methodist but hasnt been to church in about 5 years. He did state that he does pray occasionally. The client stated that is not afraid of dying but he is afraid of falling. He then joked that maybe its not so much the falling but maybe its the landing. When assessing the clients vitals it was noted that he has slightly elevated blood pressure of 129/8 4 and could be cause for concern of pre-hypertension.Metoprolol tartrate25 mgOrally wish wellHypertensionIt is noted in his chart that the client is given a 25 mg tablet of metoprolol tartrate orally twice a day for hypertension. His respirations were within normal range at 18 respirations per minute. SaO2 was at 86%. The clients temperature was taken orally and was 97.6 F. The client is 6 feet and 1 edge tall and weighs 257 lbs. The client has a BMI of 33.9. The client received a vaccination for influenza on 10/16/13. The clients chart states that he requires assistance with many an(prenominal) daily activities. He is dependent on help with dressing, and bathing. When asked, the client stated that it is challenging to get dressed and undressed repayable to the stiffness in his munition and legs.The client is on a regular diet and states that hedoesnt have any punishingy swallowing foods and doesnt require help with feeding. When asked about appetite he said that sometimes he doesnt have much of an appetite but he believes that is due to the medications that he is taking. The client explains that he is not aware of having any food allergies. He also stated that after eating he does not experience sensations of nausea/vomiting, but does encounter heartburn/indigestion occasionally, which he takes 30 ml an antacid suspension. He is also given one multivitamin orally daily for supplement.Antacid Suspension30 mlOrallyEvery 6 hoursSupplement heartburnMultivitamin1 tabletOrallyo.d.SupplementWhen the client was asked about dentures he stated that he does not have dentures even though dentures were noted in his chart. He states he needs aid in transferring from bed to a chair and with toileting. When asked about the character of his stools he explained that both consistency and color were normal. The client also stated that he does not need the help of laxatives. Noted in the clients chart he is given a 100 mg capsule of Docusate sodium orally 2 times a day to help with constipation.Docusate sodium100 mg capsuleOrallyBIDConstipationThe client does not have any history of kidney or bladder disorder. He claims that the frequency, amount and color of his urine are normal. He also claims that he does not have any difficulty voiding and there is no pain or burning while urinating. According to the CNA, the client is able to stand, safekeeping the hand rails, while urinating. It is noted in the clients care plan that he is urinary incontinent which is related to impaired mobility and pro re nata straight catheter required for intermittent retention secondary to BPH. The client is given one 0.4 mg of Tamsulosin HCL orally a day for BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia).Tamsulosin HCL0.4 mhOrallyo.d.BPHThe client needs assistance with bathing as well. The client also has a DNR order.Parkinsons malady (paralysis agitans) is a progressive disorder of the scatterbrained system that affects ones mobility. According to Hubert and VanMeter, Parkinson s disease is a dysfunction of the extrapyramidal motor system that occurs because of progressive chronic changes in the basal nuclei, principally in the substantia nigra.(UMMC, 2012) The substantia nigra is the primary area of the brain that is affected by Parkinsons disease (PD). (UMMC, 2012) The substantia nigra is comprised of a specific set of neurons that send chemical signals, called dopamine.Dopamine then travels to the striatum, responsible for balance, control of movements, and move, by means of long fibers called axons. (Okun, 2013) These regular body movements are controlled by the action of dopamine on these axons. With PD the neurons in the substantia nigra break down and die causing the exhalation of dopamine, which in turn causes the nerve cells in the striatum to trigger excessively. The excessive firing of neurons makes it impossible for one to control their movements, a sign of Parkinsons disease. (Okun, 2013) According to the Parkinsons disease Foundation (201 4)As many as one million Americans live with Parkinsons disease, which is more than the combined number of people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, unchewable dystrophy and Lou Gehrigs disease. Also approximately 60,000 Americans are diagnosed with Parkinsons disease each year, and this number does not reflect the thousands of cases that go undetected. An estimatedseven to 10 million people worldwide are living with Parkinsons disease. Incidence of Parkinsons increases with age, but an estimated four percent of people with PD are diagnosed before the age of 50 and men are one and a half times more likely to have Parkinsons than women. (p 1) Since PD is a progressively degenerative disease the signs and symptoms change over time and vary from person to person. A widely utilize clinical rating descale is the Hoehn and Yahr scale (HY) this helps to identify signs and symptoms in the various stages of Parkinsons disease. (MGH, 2005)Early stages, like HYs stage one, of Parkinsons dis ease the symptoms are usually mild and appear unilateral. there may be changes in facial expressions, posture and locomotion these symptoms are usually untimely and bothersome but not disabling. As the disease progresses, into stage two of the HY scale, it may begin to affect ambulation and be observable bilaterally with minimal deterrent. (MGH, 2005) As symptoms worsen, as in stage three of the HY scale, there is considerable slowing of body movements, early impairment of equilibrium with walking and standing and generalized dysfunction that is moderately severe. The Hoehn and Yahr scales stage four explains that signs and symptoms are severe but the person can still walk to a limited extent. (MGH, 2005) Rigidity and bradykinesia become factors in mobility. In stage five the person is unable to walk or stand so is bedridden or confined to a wheelchair. This stage is referred to as the cachectic stage. Constant nursing care is required in stage five (Costa and Quelhas, 2009). at that place are many complications that are associated with PD one can be difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), likely due to the loss of control of muscles in the throat. (UMMC, 2012)Drooling can occur since saliva may accrue in the mouth due to dysphagia. Difficulty swallowing can also lead to malnourishment, but also poses a fortune for purpose pneumonia (Leopold and Kagel, 1997). Constipation can be another complication as to the slowing of the digestive tract. Parkinsons disease can also cause urinary retention and urinary incontinence. Dementia and difficulty thinking comes in later stages of PD. (University of Maryland Medical Center, 2012) Depression is very common in patients with Parkinsons. The disease process itself causes changes in chemicals in the brain that affect mood and well-being. Anxiety is also very common and may be present along with depression (University of Maryland Medical Center, 2012).Sleep problemsand sleeping disorders are also associated with PD, wit h this comes fatigue. whatever patients may experience feeling light headed when standing due to the drop in blood pressure (orthostatic hypotension). Pain can also be another symptom related to Parkinsons disease (Okun, 2013). There is not yet a cure for Parkinsons disease but there are treatments that can help alleviate the symptoms. The most commonly used is drug therapy. Medications can help with difficulty with movement, walking and controlling tremors by increasing the brains amount of dopamine. (University of Maryland Medical Center, 2012) The most common and most impelling Parkinsons disease drug is Levodopa. This is a natural chemical that passes into your brain and is converted to dopamine (Okun, 2013). There is also surgical procedures available, wooden-headed brain stimulation. With this procedure the surgeon implants electrodes into a specific location in the patients brain. A seed is implanted in the patients chest, which is attached to the electrodes.This generato r sends electrical impulses to the patients brain, which may lessen the symptoms of Parkinsons disease. (University of Maryland Medical Center, 2012) Other ship canal that help control the effects of PD is a healthy diet. Constipation is a complication associated with PD, so a diet that is balanced with whole grains, fruits and vegetables helps to manage this complication. Balance, coordination, flexibility and muscle strength deteriorate with PD so, exercise is encouraged. Exercise also helps with decreasing anxiety and depression. The client exhibits many of the discussed signs and symptoms of Parkinsons disease. The client experiences resting tremors, bradykinesia, act like face (hypomimic), slowed speech and is in a wheelchair. He scores very poorly harmonize to the Hoehn and Yahr scale. The client is on medications to help diminish the signs and symptoms of Parkinsons disease. Impaired physical mobility level 3, related to bradykinesia, akinesia, neuro tidy impairment motor we akness, pain and tremors. (Berman Snyder, 2012)attest by lack of decisive movement within physical environment, including movement in bed, transfers, and ambulation. Limited range of motion (ROM). Decreased muscle stamina, strength and control. Limitation in independent, purposeful physical movement of the body and impairment unilaterally on the right side. Due to the muscular and neuromuscular weakness related to Parkinsons disease, evidenced by it being difficult for the patient to ambulate. The client has a defect of extrapyramidal tract, inthe basal ganglia, with loss of the neurotransmitter dopamine. (Berman Snyder, 2012) Classic triad of symptoms tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia (Jarvis, 2012). Tremors associated with paralysis agitans make it difficult maneuver. Tremors cease with voluntary movement and during sleep (VanMeter and Hubert, 2014). Immobility is an expected human response to Parkinsons disease. The clients fastness puts him at risk for thrombophlebitis, skin bre akdown, pneumonia and depression. Immobility impedes circulation and diminishes the supply of nutrients to specific areas. As a result, skin breakdown and formation of pressure (decubitus) ulcer can occur (Berman and Snyder, 2012).Immobility also promotes clot formation. Self-care deficits related to neuromuscular impairment, immobility, decrease strength, and loss of muscle control and lack of coordination, ridgity and tremors. Self-care deficits, dressing, hygiene and toileting, evidenced by tremors and motor disturbance. The client lacks the expertness to cleanse his body, comb his hair, brush his teeth and do skin care. . The client is also unable to dress himself satisfactory. He does not have the capability to fasten his clothes. The patient is assisted with ADLs. Patient is incapable to bathe, dress or brush teeth without aid. Patient occasionally needs assistance with feeding. dishance is also required with toileting. Aid is needed with ADLs because of the lack of coordin ation and for safety. This nursing diagnosis is fundamental because it ensures hygiene, improves quality of life, and promotes dignity, self-worth, independence and freedom. Risk for locomote related to decreased mobility, and unsteady gait secondary to inactive lifestyle and Parkinsons disease. Patient uses a wheelchair and ambulates with a walker. Patients gait is impaired due to Parkinsons disease. Festination, or a propulsive gait (short, shuffled steps with increasing acceleration), occurs as postural reflexes are impaired, leading to falls (VanMeter and Hubert, 2014).Falls also result in psychological implications for the patient with a decrease in pledge and a fear of further falls. This contributes to a decrease in mobility and culminates in a significant drop-off in quality of life (Jarvis, 2012). Impaired bowel elimination/constipation related to medication, physical disability and decreased activity. Evidenced by the client not passing stools daily. Medications presc ribed to patient for Parkinsons disease attribute to constipation. The patients experience with immobility is also acontributing factor for constipation. This nursing diagnosis is alpha because it allows nursing staff to monitor the patients bowel movements and avoid fecal impaction. Imbalanced support less than body requirements related to tremors, slowing the process of eating, difficulty chewing and swallowing. Evidenced by the client occasionally needing assistance with eating.Pressure sores develop more quickly in patients with a nutritional deficit. fit nutrition also provides needed energy for participating in an exercise or a rehabilitative program. The goal is to optimize the clients nutritional status. Impaired verbal communication related to decreased speech volume, decreased ability to speak, stiff facial muscles, delayed speech, and inability to move facial muscles. Evidenced by lack of expression on the clients face, clients hindered speech. Loss of dopamine can af fect the facial muscles, making them stiff and slow and resulting in a characteristic lack of expression. Speech impairment is referred to as dysarthria and is often characterized as weak, slow, or uncoordinated speaking that can affect volume and pitch. Difficulty speaking and writing because of tremors, hypophonia, and freeze incidents. This is an expected consequence of Parkinsons disease. treat carry off Plan- rescript in impaired physical mobility- Parkinsons disease Related toremnantsInterventionBradykinsia lymph gland impart use a walker to go to breakfast in the mornings and not need assistance with transfers. knob will be able to perform all active ROM by 3 months leaven current mobility and observation of an increase in damage. Do exercise program to increase muscle strength. coiffe passive or active assistive ROM exercises and muscle stretching exercises to all appendages. To promote increase venous return, prevent stiffness, and maintain muscle strength and endurance . Without movement, the collagen wavers at the joint become ankylosed (permanently immobile) (Berman Synder, 2012)Akinesia thickening will gain power of voluntary movements.Joint contractures will not occur.Assess the possibility of deep brain stimulation.Refer to physical therapy.When the muscle fibers are not able to shorten and distanceen, eventually a contracture forms, limiting joint mobility (Berman Synder, 2012)Tremorsguests tremors will decrease. incite deep breathing, imagery techniques and meditation. Encourage holding an object in handSuggest holding the arm of the chair.Stimulating the brain by concentrating on breathing may cease tremors. (www.theparkinsonhub.com)Pain customer will not experience pain 4 on a scale of 0-10Before activity observe for and, if possible, treat pain.Assess patients willingness or ability to explore a range of techniques aimed at controlling pain. Administer pain medication per physician orders.Encourage/assist to reposition frequently to position of comfort. Pain limits mobility and is often exacerbated by movement.(www.ptnow.org)Nursing mete out Plan- Alteration in Skin Integrity, Impaired Risk for Pressure Sores Pressure Ulcers, Bed Sores Decubitus Care Related toGoalInterventionsRationaleneuromuscular impairmentClient will be free of any pressure ulcers for length of long term stay. Monitor site of skin impairment at least once a day for color changes, redness, swelling, warmth, pain or any other signs of infection. Pay special attention to high risk areas and ask client questions to determine whether he is experiencing loss of sensation. Apply barrier cream to peri area/ buttocks as needed.Use ROHO cushion on wheelchair.Checking skin once a day will ensure that skin stays intact. (Jarvis, 2012)ImmobilityClient will be able to express s/s of impaired skin.Teach skin and wound assessment and ways to monitor for s/s of infection, complications and healing. Use prophylactic antipressure devices as appropriateEarly assessment and interventions may help complications from developing. To prevent tissue breakdown.(Jarvis, 2012)Nursing Care Plan- Self Care DeficitsRelated toGoalInterventionRationaleImmobilityClient will assist with bathing, grooming, dressing, oral care and eating daily. Assist client with bathing, grooming, dressing, oral care and eating daily. Use high back wheelchair.The effectiveness of the bowel or bladder program will be enhanced if the natural and personal patterns of the patient are respected. Loss of muscle control and lack of coordinationClient will improve muscle control and coordination in all extremities for the length of long term stay. Client will walk to dining room and in hallways- 5 mins a day 5 eld a week. Use consistent routines and allow adequate time for patient to complete tasks. Assist client with ambulation.This helps patient organize and carry out self-care skills.TremorsClient will be able to assist with dressing. volunteer appropriate assistive device s for dressing as assessed by nurse and occupational therapist. Encourage use of article of clothing one size larger.Teach and support the client during the clients activitiesApply extensions on breaks with ball gripsThe use of a button hook or of loop and pile closures on clothes may make it possible for a patient to continue independence in this self-care activity. Ensures easier dressing and comfort.Grips will be easier to grasp with tremors.Neuromuscular impairmentClient will be clean, dressed, well groomed daily to promote dignity and psychosocial well-being. Assist with shower as needed.Assist with daily hygiene, grooming, dressing, oral care, and eating as needed. This promotes dignity and psychosocial well-being.Nursing Care Plan- Falls, risk forRelated toGoalInterventionRationaleDecreased muscle toneClient will express an understanding of the factors involved in possible injury. Educate the client about what makes them at risk for falls.Bed should be in lowest position.Pro vide assistance to transfer as needed.Reinforce the need for call light.If the client is educated and shows an understanding of the factors involved with falls, they are less likely to fall. Prevent fall.Nursing Care Plan- Impaired Bowel elimination/constipationRelated toGoalInterventionRationaleInactivity, immobilityClient will have soft formed stool every other day that are passed without difficulty. Encourage physical activity and regular exercise.Adjust toileting times to meet clients needs. field of study changes in skin integrity forum during daily careAmbulation and/or type AB exercises strengthen abdominal muscles that facilitate defecation. low-fiber dietEvaluate usual dietary habits, eating habits, eating schedule, and liquid intake. Initiate adjuvant high-protein feedings as appropriate.Change in mealtime, type of food, disruption of usual schedule, and anxiety can lead to constipation. proper(a) nutrition is required to maintain adequate energy level.Diminished muscle to neEncourage isometrical abdominal and gluteal exerciseApply skin moisturizers/barrier creams as neededTo strengthen muscles needed for evacuation unless contraindicated. (http//www.gutsense.org)MedicationsEncourage liquid intake of 2000 to 3000 ml per dayTo optimize hydration status and prevent bent of stool(VanMeter Hubert, 2014)My thinking about my resident has definitely changed since the initial day when I conducted a health history assessment on him. I knew that first day that I was going to appreciate acquiring to know this resident because of how smoothly the conversation flowed. This resident had some amazing stories to tell. I absolutely love that fact that he and his wife have been married for 48 years. I enjoyed listening to him remember what life was like before being diagnosed with Parkinsons disease, it appeared to lighten his spirit. I feel very fortunate to have been given the opportunity to care for such a genuine soul. My whole clinical experience was a positiv e one. I realized that if I lacked the knowledge about a particular task to ask for help.I liked the fact that clinicals was hands on and that I gained experience in a long term health care facility. Another thing that this clinical rotationtaught me was that it takes an exceptional type of person to go into geriatric nursing. Probably the number one thing that Im going to take away from this clinical experience is the total importance of dignity. I too will be old someday and I applied the golden rule to this experience. I treated others as I desire to someday, and hopefully, will be treated. What a fantastic learning experience.ReferencesBerman, A., Snyder, S. (2012). Kozier Erbs Fundamentals of Nursing Concepts, Process, and Practice. Upper Saddle River Pearson Education. Coleman, J., (September 1, 2013) speculation Mitigating Parkinsons Symptoms. Retrieved from http//www.theparkinsonhub.com/your-quality-of-life/article/meditationmitigating-parkinsons-symptoms.html Costa, M. Quelhas, R. (2009). Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life in Parkinsons Disease. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2009 21413-419. Jarvis, C. (2012). Physical trial Health Assessment. St. Louis Elsevier Kegelmeyer, D., (July 1, 2013) Functional Limitation Reporting (FLR) Under Medicare Tests and Measures for High-Volume Conditions. Retrieved from http//www.ptnow.org/FunctionalLimitationReporting/TestsMeasures/Default.aspx Leopold N., Kagel M. (1997). Pharyngo-esophageal dysphagia in Parkinsons disease. Dysphagia 1997 121118 mom General Hospital (MGH) (May, 2005) Hoehn and Yahr Staging of Parkinsons Disease, Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), and Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living. Massachusetts General Hospital. Retrieved March 2, 2014, from http//neurosurgery.mgh.harvard.edu/functional/pdstages.htmHoehnandYahr Okun, M. (2013). Parkinsons Treatment 10 Secrets to a Happier Life. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Michael S. Okun M.D. Parkinsons disease Foundation (2014, March) Understanding Parkinsons. Parkinsons Disease Foundation. Retrieved March 2, 2014, from http//www.pdf.org/en/understanding_pd University of Maryland Medical Center (2012, September) Parkinsons disease. University of Maryland Medical Center. Retrieved March 2, 2014, from http//umm.edu/health/medical/reports/articles/parkinsons-diseaseixzz2upFLCggw VanMeter, K. C., Hubert, R. J. (2014). Goulds Pathophysiology for theHealth Professions. St. Louis Elsevier.

Capital Markets Midterm Questions and Solutions Essay Example for Free

Capital Markets Midterm Questions and Solutions Essay2 percent for distributively question 1. Liquidity is the ease with which an asset mess be exchanged for coin 2. The concept of unfavor equal selection helps to explain why the nancial system is heavily regulated 3. The Fed stool inuence the write out fund following set out by selling T-bills, which ____reserves, thereby ____the federal fund rate. removes, raising 4. standard Repos be very low find loans 5. A 4-year perplex pays an annual coupon of 3.5%. If the interest rate equals 2.75% per year, how much do you have to pay to buy the equivalent of a $1,000,000 bond sheath appreciate? $10 0280 000 6. Unanticipated deation implies a a decline in net worth, as ground levels crepuscle while debt burden re principal(prenominal)s unchanged. 7. What is the annualized discount rate on a Treasury bill that you grease ones palms for $9,900 and that will mature in 91 days for $10,000? 3.96% 8. Moral hazard is a probl em arising from sole(prenominal) A and B of the above 9. A discount loan by the Fed to a intrust causes a(n) ____ in reserves in the banking system and a(n) ____ in the pecuniary mingy. cast up sum up 10. The standard denition of the after embark on banking systemt includes money market funds, hedge funds, and sh bes of securitized assetsComprehensive Questions (30 percent)6 percent for each question 1) The nancial system is chief(prenominal) because it channels funds, compacts asymmetric information problems, provides an ecient payment system, and helps to manage risk. Explain the remaining functions that the nancial system performs. eachway these functions, the nancial system provides ways for invididuals to pool their resources. For instance, some investment projects generate a positive NPV, but pick up a large initial down payment. Dividing ownership into many individual shares provides an ecient way to pool individual resources in order to nance these investment pro jects. The nancial system also provides liquidity to market participants. This is eventful because corporations and individuals do not have the kindred time-horizon.thitherfore, it would be very dicult for corporations to get long-term sources of championship without these liquidity services. Finally, the nancial system provides important information to nancial investors, corporate managers, and political head upers. This information is critical to improve the decision-making process. For instance, managers whitethorn use the information observed in the nancial system to compute the NPV of investment projects. 2) One of your friend tells you The main function of the nancial system is to channel funds from lenders to borrowers. This function heap be performed interchangeably by hood markets or nancial institutions. Do you agree? Why?It is true that twain cracking of the United States markets and nancial institutions are useful in channeling funds from lenders to borrowers. H owever, they dier in a fundamental way. Contrary to capital markets, nancial institutions are extremely wakeless at dealing with asymmetric information problems. This is due to the private nature of their activities. By avoiding free-riding, banks can devoid the substantial costs of screening and monitoring borrowers. Therefore, corporations for which asymmetric information problems are substantial (e.g., small corporations), verify heavily on banks funding. If banks cut lending, as it was the case during the recent crisis, these companies do not have the plectron of receiving funding from capital makets, and must reduce their activities. Therefore, some of the functions performed by banks cannot be performed interchangeably by capital markets.3) What is Quantitative Easing and how does it dier from the standard tool used by the Fed to expand the monetary base? What was the stated purpose of Quantitative Easing?Quantitative Easing refers to the central banks policy of buying lon g-term securities, specically mortgage-backed securities and 10year Treasury bonds. This is dierent from the standard approach used by the Fed. Traditionally, the Fed expands the monetary base by implementing an open-market purchase of T-bills. The stated purpose of Quantitative Easing was to come down the yield of these long-term securities. From the viewpoint of borrowers, this decrease would help them get lower renancing conditions, thus succor pressure in these markets.From the viewpoint of lenders, this decrease in yield may render these securities less attractive. Therefore, lenders may be volition to start buying risky assets again, thus improving economic conditions. 4) One scholarly person argues If more customers want to borrow funds at the prevailing interest rate, a nancial institution can easily cast up its prots by raising interest rates on its loan. Is this statement true, false, enigmatic? Explain your answer.The situation faced by the bank is the following i t has limited resources and sees a lot of clients willing to borrow money, creating excess contract. The statement above is uncertain. A priori, we might believe that if the bank increases the interest rate, it is able to eliminate this excess take away and generate excess prots (there would be an increase in both the prot per loan and the quantity of loans). However, this reasoning assumes that the ascribe quality of the borrowers stays constant. This may not be true because raising the interest rate also increases adverse selection. To illustrate, consider the used-car market. If buyers observe an increase in the number of people interested in selling their cars, they may want to oer a lower harm. But a lower price gives incentive to the sellers of secure cars to leave the market, exit only sellers of lemons.As a result, the average quality of the cars purchased by buyers will decrease. A large part of the excess contract observed by the bank is driven by poor credit rms. later increasing the interest rate, the bank observes that these rms still agree to borrow, i.e., their poor credit quality should be aerated an even higher(prenominal)(prenominal) interest rate. On the contrary, this higer interest rate may discourage good rms from get from this bank because the loan becomes too expensive. As a result, the relative importance of bad rms over good ones increases, leading to a decrease in the average rm quality. This decrease in quality may lead to higher default rates and to a decrease in the banks prot.5) What is meant by a ight to safety/liquidity? When does it occur? How can it trigger these negative spirals on the value of the banks chemical equilibrium sheet? A ight to safety/liquidity commonly describes the behaviour of investors when they attempt to sell the risky/illiquid assets they adopt in their portfolio and move towards safe/liquid assets. This ight typically occurs in times of crisis when the investors willingness to take risks dec reases signicantly. Since banks mostly storage area risky and illiquid assets, these ights to safety have a strong impact on their asset value. As their capital gets curtailed, their risk prole increases, making investors and depositors more worried about the potential losses they may incur.Because these lenders give money on a short-run basis, they can quickly go to the bank and ask for their money back. Then, banks have to scramble for liquidity and sell their risky/illiquid assets. When many banks try to sell simultaneously, the price of these assets will go further down. For instance, suppose that in normal times, the bank would have to sell 15% of its assets to reimburse lenders. As many institutions sell simultaneously, the bank has to sell more than 15%. Observing these additional losses, investors and depositors may want to further reduce the amount they are willing to lend, aggravating the liquidity issues face by banks. Overall, these eects reinforce each other, creating a spiraling eect.Understanding Interest grade (30 percent)15 percent for question 1, 10 for question 2, and 5 for question 3 1) In February 2010, a column in the Wall Street Journal warns Be wary of long-term bonds The risk of higher expected ination is in due course. Longer-term bonds are the most at risk. Using the supply and demand analysis studied in class, plot a graph that clearly explains the eect of an increase in expected ination on the bond price. Why are longer-term bonds more at risk? Explain whether your analysis would be dierent if you were to examine the impact on the price of TIPS.Since the coupon rate paying(a) by US government bonds is xed in nominal terms, news of higher expected ination leads to a decrease in the real rate of return oered by these bonds. As a result, the demand curve moves to the left as investors want to invest their money in securities with better return prospects. In addition, the supply curve moves to the right as corporations can borrow a t lower costs in real terms. Because of these two shifts, we observe a large excess supply of bonds at the initial interest level. This excess supply will lead to a decrease in the bond price and a increase in the interest rate until the new equilibrium is reached. This eect, called the Fisher eect, is shown in the graph belowThe eect is likely to be stronger for long-term bonds because investors are stuck with xed nominal payments for a long-time period. As a result, the only way to be compensated for higher ination during many geezerhood is to buy the bond at a suciently low price today. Intuitively, we can capture this price sensibility using duration, as we know that the duration of a long-term bond is above that of a short-term bond. The analysis would be completely dierent for TIPS because their coupon payments adjust for changes in ination. As a result, any news of future ination simply means that the future coupon payments in nominal terms will be higher. As a result, the price is not sensitive to changes in expected ination.2) In the Financial Times in February 2011, Professor Siegel from the Wharton School talks about the decline in the real yield of TIPS Recently, the yields on these bonds have collapsed to levels that would have been uninimaginable just a few historic period ago. become October, the real yield on the US 10-year TIPS plunged to 36 basis points. Professor Siegel argues that an important factor drive this result is the increase in ination risk. Why do US investors currently perceive that ination risk is higher than usual? Explain why this increase in ination risk can lead to (i) an increase in the demand for TIPS relative to bonds and (ii) a decrease in the TIPS interest rate.There are two sources of concerns regarding future ination. First, the central bank has greatly expanded its monetary base during the recent nancial crisisat the end of 2009, its value was close to $2 trillion. For the moment, banks are not aggressively lend ing, implying that the increase rate of the monetary base is somewhat disconnected from that of the money supply. But failure from the Fed to reduce the monetary base as lending activity resumes may lead to higher ination. Second, the scal bureau of the US government has deteriorated substantially over the past few years, leading to a downgrade of the credit rating attached to its bonds. If the future growth rate in the economy is not suciently high and if the US government is not able to reduce decits, it may have no option but inate the debt away.This will of course lead to higher ination. Overall, these two issues create important perplexity about the future path of ination. Contrary to bonds, TIPS are protected against ination. If there is higher ination risk, bonds become riskier relative to TIPS. Using our supply and demand framework, the demand for bonds moves to the left, while the demand for TIPS moves to the right. At the initial price, there is an excess demand for TIP S, driving the TIPS price up and its interest rate down, reproducible with Professor Siegels arguments. 3) Professor Siegel also argues that As economic growth recovers and real rates rise, the price of TIPS will fall. Can you nd a simple explanation of this statement based on our supply and demand framework?Economic growth means that the business cycle is in an expanding phase. In this case, we can rely on the relation amid business cycle expansions and the interest rate seen in class. First, the demand curve for bonds move to the right because of the wealth eect, as people have more money to invest in the capital market (bonds, stocks,). On the supply side, business cycle expansions are relate to an increase in the rms expected protability. As a result, the supply curve moves to the right. Based on empirical evidence, the move of the supply curve tends to be more important than the one observed for the demand. At the initial level of interest rate, there is an excess supply, le ading to an decrease in bond price, and an increase in the interest rate. This is consistent with the yield reaction discussed by Professor Siegel. bond certificate Market (20 percent)5 percent for each question Consider the following bonds yearbook interest rate Maturity Annual coupon Price Duration Bond X 5% 8 years 3% 87.1 7.2 Bond Y 8% 3 years 3% 87.1 ?1) One of your friends tells you the fact that the price of these two bonds is the same(p) is not consistent with theory. Without making any computation, explain whether you agree with your friend.Your friend is not right. These two bonds are both quoted below par value, because their respective yield to maturity is lower than the coupon rate. If these two bonds had the same maturity, the price of bond Y should be lower than the price of bond X because investors require a higher interest rate to hold bond Y. However, the maturity of bond Y is lower.Although the annual dierential between the interest rate and the coupon rate is hi gher for bond Y, this dierential has to be given during 3 years only. For bond X, the annual dierential between the interest rate and the coupon rate is lower, but it has to be given during 8 years. In our case, these two eects (dierent ratings and dierent maturities) oset each other and the two prices are exactly the same. The information shown in the table is therefore perfectly consistent with theory. 2) Compute the duration of bond Y and compare it with that of bond X. Is the dierence consistent with theory?

Pride and Prejudice Essay Example for Free

felicitate and Prejudice Essaycollins and some of the other characters menti unriv eitheredd inside the novel. Social class likewise determines who atomic number 53 may marry, and this plays an extremely significant occasion within the lives of Jane and Elizabeth Bennet. Jane Bennet is a crucial character within Pride and Prejudice. She portrays the role of Elizabeth Bennets one(a) and lone(prenominal) older sister. Jane is considered to be the only handsome girl in the room, by Mr. Fitzwilliam Darcy, and this occurs at the ball which is held in Netherfield. At this ball, she dances with a man by the name of Mr.Bingley, a man of mountainous fortune who is described as being honest looking and gentleman ilk pleasant countenance, and easy, unaffected discretion (Austen 6). As a result of the ball, Mr. Bingley and Jane spend to a greater extent age together, and it is assumed that they be together, as a couple. Mr. Bingley has devil sisters who act all sisterly-like t owards Jane, and then crush her heart by saying that Bingley will non return to Netherfield, and will most likely find Mr. Darcys sister more handsome and lovely than Jane.This is done by the Bingley sisters most likely because of Janes lower social billet, and they would not want their fellow marrying a sort of peasant girl, or a girl who is of a much lower status than himself. Due to social class in society at this time, Jane ends up getting her heart crushed, which is good-for-naught and tragic for a fair sex during this time period, especially when the cleaning lady has feelings for such a suitor. Should a woman show her feelings for a suitor, and then that suitor goes off and marries another, the reputation of the first woman and her family is, in a sense, ruined.Elizabeth Bennet is the main female character whom the story revolves around. She is treated in a very equivalent manner as Jane however, Jane is treated with more compassion and datems to be loved more by every one, whereas Elizabeth is the to the lowest degree liked of the five daughters in the Bennet family, and bulk tend to pass her up. Due to her social stature, as salubrious as her reputation as being the least liked and less handsome, Elizabeth is treated the focus she is. She is, in a way, treated as an outclassed to Jane due to all of the factors mentioned previously. Elizabeth is also put land in many a(prenominal) ways.Considering that she is less handsome than her sister, she is, in a way, a target of insult for Darcy, as he says that she is not good enough or pretty enough to grab his attention (7). In all, Elizabeth cash in ones chipss a rather difficult life, not being recognized by her peers or by suitors who should in reality be so lucky to have her. Pride within Pride and Prejudice is seen as a common theme throughout the whole novel. Pride is what causes slew to behave the way they do, acting big-chested and egotistical. Pride contributes to how people view soc iety, believing that one is go against than the rest of society and being conceited.Pride is what causes feuds most of the time, turning one against another with the argument that one is better than the other in many aspects. Prejudice, contrary to pride, is not seen quite as often. However, prejudice, although not as common, follows similar principles as pride. Prejudice causes people to behave the way they do, believing that a certain social class, ethnicity, or gender is inferior to ones own. Prejudice also contributes to how people view society, again, believing that a certain characteristic contributes to where people stand on the social ladder.Prejudice, just like pride, can cause feuds by causing one party to believe that the other party is inferior to them, and is usually based on the factors of social class, ethnicity, or gender. Austen most likely made the decision of having pride appear frequently, whereas prejudice is practically nowhere to be found, in order to polish off note of the difference between the two terms. Pride is seen used more often by Mr. Fitzwilliam Darcy, whereas prejudice is seen commonly used by Miss Elizabeth Bennet. Elizabeth Bennet, throughout the novel, shows signs of prejudice against Mr.Darcy in particular. When they appear at the ball in Netherfield, Austen states, His character was decided. He was the proudest, most disagreeable man in the world, and every body hoped that he would never come there again (6). It is then later give tongue to that Elizabeth remained with no very cordial feelings towards him (7). Elizabeth, in a way, holds a grudge against Darcy, always thinking negatively of him and putting him down in her eyes. This action of making it seem that he is, in a sense, inferior to her, represents her prejudice against him. Mr.Darcy shows pride in practically everything he does. He is a conceited, arrogant man, who believes that nothing is good enough for him. He exhibits this belief when he is at the Netherf ield ball, and his ace, Mr. Bingley, points out that Darcy should dance with Elizabeth. Darcy replies, She is tolerable but not handsome enough to tempt me (7). Darcys reputation for being full of pride is known all throughout the town, and it is said by one of Darcys old friends that almost all his actions may be traced to pride-and pride has often been his best friend (55).It is also assumed that, when his friend says that even Darcys sister is -very, very proud, that the whole Darcy lineage must be a very prideful family (56). During this time period in which Pride and Prejudice takes place, marriage was not decided on the basis of love. When one would get married, it was either for monetary gain or social status. Mrs. Bennet, the mother in the novel, has only those two items on her mind when attempting to find suitors for her five daughters. She does not have even a sliver of empathy on how her decisions may potentially make her daughters lives miserable.Mr. Bennet, however, t akes into account his daughters feelings when it comes to finding a suitor. Although he also has the thought of financial gain on his mind, his daughters always come first. He does, however, think of a plan. If Elizabeth were to marry Mr. Collins, Mr. Bennets nephew, the Bennet estate would remain in the family. The reason for this is because, during this time period, women could not inherit land. Seeing as Mr. Bennet had no sons, he gave the estate to his nephew. Now, if Elizabeth had accepted Mr.Collinss proposal, the estate would have remained within the family. This is the only instance in which Mr. Bennet wants Elizabeth to marry a certain suitor. Retaining their estate and financial security department is just one motive that may cause people to marry certain others. Mr. Wickham and Miss Charlotte Lucas, for instance, are two characters who get married throughout the novel, and both have, in a way, a hidden agendum for getting married. Miss Charlotte Lucas is a very close fr iend of Elizabeth, being the person who Elizabeth can devote in about anything.Charlotte is slightly older than Elizabeth, about seven years, and Charlotte feels that she is becoming a burden to her family. macrocosm twenty-seven and unmarried, she wanted to free her family from herself, no longer being a bother to them. This is one of the motives that causes her to go off and marry Mr. Collins, Elizabeths cousin. She also becomes betrothed to Collins for financial security. Seeing as Collins would inherit the Bennet estate, this gave her the sense that they would not have to worry about finances, or anything of the sort.Charlotte views marriage in a peculiar way. She believes that marriage changes a person drastically, and that one can get married without having feelings for their attendant at first. She thinks that a person, primarily a woman, should find a spouse and then grow to like them as time goes on. So, in reality, Charlotte believes that one can just rush into a marria ge, and, in a sense, hope for the best. She does not believe in marriage should really occur on the basis of love. Charlotte also believes that Happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance (14).Charlotte honestly believes that one does not have to be happy in marriage. She would rather marry off well and have a rich husband, yet be miserable while with him, than be in a marital kinship with someone who she truly cares about, even if that someone is not particularly well off. This is, in a way, Charlottes reasoning for marrying Mr. Collins. Seeing as how Mr. Collins has financial stability, this makes him, to her, a rich man who is very well off. She decides then to rush into marrying him, even though mutual feelings between them do not exist.So, not only does Charlotte get married to Mr. Collins to get out of her parents hair, but also because of his status and financial stability, and everything that would make him a good suitor. These are her hidden motives behind getting married in such a hurry, and although it seems like it is the perfect life, Charlotte has, in reality, just cost herself a chance to find someone better and more qualified to be her spouse. George Wickham plays multiple roles throughout the novel.For one, he plays the role of Elizabeths love delight towards the beginning of the novel. He shows feelings towards her in return, and one would assume that they may be a match. This, however, is altered by the fact that Elizabeth, in the end, marries Darcy. Wickham also plays the role of an old friend of Darcys. Darcys father was like a father to Wickham, and Wickham always points out that Darcy was never fond of him, which, in a way, is true. It is also false, because Darcy was a friend of Wickhams, until Wickham revealed his true self.Wickham also became estranged from Darcy when he tried to run off and elope with Darcys sister, Georgiana. Wickham does a similar thing in his third role, which is as Lydia Bennets husband. Although Lydia says she is in love with Wickham, Wickham does not necessarily return those feelings. Wickham only wants to prey on the innocence of Lydia. With the knowledge that Lydia is still practically a child, and is susceptible to believing anything, Wickham knows that he can do as he pleases with her, and she will not see anything wrong with the picture.Wickham also decided elopement for another reason. At this time, if a woman and man eloped, the funds that the woman had to her name could be used freely by her husband with no safeguards, and this could in turn lead to some difficulties later in time. Wickham only views marriage on the basis of mooching and getting money as part of the dowry from her family. His hidden agenda is to get married in order to get money from the brides side of the family. Wickham is, all in all, a selfish man who shows people what they want to see, and not his true self.

Marketing Packaging and Labeling Essay Example for Free

Marketing package and Labeling EssayPackaging and LabelingWhat youll learn . . . The principal functions of product packaging The chief(prenominal) functions of labelsPackaging The physical container or wrapping for a product.Functions of Packaging Promoting and Selling the ProductFunctions of Packaging Defining Product Identity invokes prestige, convenience, or statusFunctions of Packaging Provides Information UPC symbols, contents, guarantees, nutritional value, potential hazardsFunctions of Packaging Meeting Customer Needs conglomerate sizes, snack kits, etc.Functions of Packaging Ensuring Safe Use plastic instead of glass, tamperresistant packaging, blisterpacks, childproof containersTo read about the acetaminophen murders in 1982, and the resulting invention of the tamperproof package, click on the Tylenol box above. Functions of Packaging Protecting the Product during shipping, storage, and display. Protects solid food from spoilage. Helps prevent shopliftingContemp orary Packaging Issues Aseptic Packaging Incorporates a technology that keeps foods fresh without infrigidation for extended periodsContemporary Packaging Issues Environmental Packaging reusable, recyclable, less wasteful, and safer for the environmentContemporary Packaging Issues do Packaging to promote non-product issues such as social and political causes Ex Body Shop, Ben Jerrys hot dog on the ice cream carton to learn about cause packaging at Ben and JerrysLabeling A label is an information tag, wrapper, seal, or imprinted message attached to a productA labels main function is to inform about contents and give directionsBrand Label gives the brand name, etc.descriptive Label Information about product use, care, other featuresGrade Label States the quality AA, A, BLabeling Laws numerous package labels must meet local, state, and federal standards FDA national Food and Drug Administration requires nutritional info, regulates health claims and defines descriptive te rms such as light, free, low, and reduced to make them consistent on all products FTC Federal Trade Commission monitors for deceptive advertising that is false or misleading, including guidelines for environmental claims like recycled or biodegradable.